Sternbild Camelopardalis (Giraffe)

Eigenschaften

Zwischen dem Sternbild Auriga und dem Polarstern klafft am Firmament eine Stelle gähnender Leere. Nur wenige Sterne erreichen eine Helligkeit, die unser Auge fesseln und zu einer Assoziation verleiten würde. Gerade mal zwei Sterne sind mit bloßem Auge gut sichtbar. Die Fläche des Sternbilds beträgt 757 Quadratgrad und das Zentrum kulminiert jeweils etwa am 23. Dezember um Mitternacht. ^{[9, 15]}

Daten für das Sternbild Camelopardalis ^[150]
IAU Name	Camelopardalis
IAU Genitiv	Camelopardalis
IAU Kürzel	Cam
Deutscher Name	Giraffe
Saison (47° N)	September … März
Rektaszension	03^h 15^m 36^s … 14^h 27^m 08^s
Deklination	+52° 39' 56" … +86° 05' 51"
Fläche	757 deg²
Nachbarn (N↻)	UMi, Cep, Cas, Per, Aur, Lyn, UMa, Dra

Deep-Sky Objektbeschreibungen

Kembles Kaskade

Versteckte
Galaxie
IC 342

Zitronenscheiben-Nebel
IC 3568

Austernnebel
NGC 1501

Pazminos
Haufen
Stock 23

Integralzeichen-Galaxie
UGC 3697

Geschichte

Die Giraffe wurde erst zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts in die Sternbilderkunde eingeführt und hat somit keinen mythologischen Hintergrund. Das Sternbild wird meist dem holländischen Astronomen Petrus Plancius zugeschrieben, doch hat der Mathematiker Jakob Bartsch, ein Schwiegersohn Johannes Kepler, es bereits 1624 in einem Buch erwähnt. Dieser jeder dichterischen Phantasie bare Mathematiker taufte in seinem Werk Usus astronomicus planisphaerium Argentinae diese amorphe Stelle am Himmel auf den Namen "Giraffe". Die Giraffe war im antiken Griechenland unter dem Begriff "Leoparden-Kamel" bekannt. Jakob Bartsch zog es vor, das Sternbild als Kamel zu bezeichnen, namentlich das Kamel, welches Rebekka von Haran nach Kanaan brachte um Isaak zu heiraten. (Genesis 24:61). Weitere von Bartsch benannte Sternbilder sind Columba und Monoceros. Da die Astronomen ungern einmal eingebürgerte Sternbildnamen ändern, blieb Camelopardalis (auch Camelopardus) bis auf den heutigen Tag erhalten. ^{[7, 21, 133]}

Kataloge

Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) ^[154]
HR	B	F	DM	HD	SAO	FK5	IR	M*	ADS	VarID	RA	Dec	vMag	spType	dMag	Sep ["]	Remarks
HR 967			BD+65 338	20104	12686				2436		03 17 31.6	+65 39 31	6.36	A3V	0.4	0.5	D:AB 6.8 A2V, 7.3 A4V, 330y, a = 0.386". Combined mag., colors.,RV:Discordant sign from only two available sources, -7.5, +6.4.
HR 985			BD+65 340	20336	12704			W		BK Cam	03 19 59.4	+65 39 08	4.84	B2.5Ven v	7.7	120.9	D:Probably optical.,G:Cas-Tau OB1.,S:Shell star.,SB:4.5y.,VAR:Gamma Cas, 4.78 - 4.89V. Spectrum var. 4.5y from 1916 to 1931, previously longer cycles, but no changes noted after,VAR:1937. R-I also found at -0.03 and -0.05.
HR 1009			BD+64 391	20797	12743	1096	I			1121	03 24 40.5	+64 35 10	5.23	M0II
HR 1033			BD+59 657	21203	12770				2538		03 28 23.6	+60 15 20	6.49	B9V+A1	1.0	0.2	D:AB 6.8 B9V, 7.8 A1V, 259.90y, a = 0.370". Combined mag., colors.
HR 1035			BD+59 660	21291	24054	122			2544	1152	03 29 04.1	+59 56 25	4.21	B9Ia	4.3	2.4	G:Cam OB1; in reflection nebula; member assoc. Cam R1 at 870 pc.,VAR:H alpha profile var.
HR 1040			BD+58 607	21389	24061		I				03 29 54.9	+58 52 43	4.54	A0Ia e			G:Cam OB1; in reflection nebula; member assoc. Cam R1 at 870 pc.,VAR:H alpha profile variable.
HR 1043			BD+58 608	21427	24062				2563	1158	03 30 11.3	+59 21 58	6.13	A2V	1.4	2.5
HR 1046			BD+54 684	21447	24064				2565	1159	03 30 00.2	+55 27 07	5.09	A1V	4.8	14.8	D:AB CPM.,G:UMa stream. Possible Eggen group with HR 63, q.v.,VAR:Delta Sct.
HR 1068			BD+58 619	21769	24093				2592 A		03 33 32.1	+58 45 54	6.40	A4III	1.7	20.4	D:AB CPM. B, spectral class F2V. Component C, 10.5v at 164".,S:Also classified Am(A3/A7/F0).
HR 1071			BD+57 730	21794	24098	2252					03 33 41.2	+57 52 08	6.37	F7V
HR 1073			BD+54 693	21819	24099						03 33 39.0	+54 58 29	5.98	A3V
HR 1077			BD+59 675	21903	24111				2612		03 35 00.8	+60 02 28	6.46	F3V	0.9	1.1	D:AB 6.8 F3V, 7.6 F9V, 287.7y, a = 1.245". Combined mag., colors. Mass AB, 2.2 solar. C, 10.3v at 92" optical.
HR 1094			BD+56 826	22316	24133						03 38 19.7	+56 55 58	6.30	B9p v			VAR:Spectrum variable.
HR 1105			BD+62 597	22649	12874	129	I			BD Cam	03 42 09.3	+63 13 00	5.10	S3.5/2			S:Technetium not abundant, as previously reported.,VAR:Lb 5.04 - 5.17V, 6.7 - 6.85p.
HR 1112			BD+59 699	22764	24169		I		2691		03 42 42.7	+59 58 10	5.76	K3IIb	2.4	54.7	D:Component D, 8.73V, +0.10(B-V), -0.22(U-B), B8III.,S:Spectrum formerly classified as K4Ib. According to P. C. Keenan (October 1986), recent spectrograms, although not of,S:extremely high quality, show that star is not as luminous as Ib, with best spectral type of S. Yorka and P. C.,S:Keenan reported as K3IIb, although it may be slightly later.
HR 1124			BD+66 284	23005	12890	2267					03 46 00.9	+67 12 06	5.80	F0IV
HR 1129			BD+62 604	23089	12891		I	S			03 46 02.3	+63 20 42	4.80	G0III+A3V	1.0	0.1	D:5y? Sep. 0.052". vsini of secondary =<50k/s.,S:Also classified G2II-III + B9V.,SB:219.971d, K 39.15k/s, V0 -18.38k/s, asini 118.
HR 1138			BD+70 257	23277	5000						03 49 13.8	+70 52 16	5.44	A2m			SB:15.5132d, K 22.2k/s, V0 +16.0k/s, msin3i 0.0813, asini 4.62. vsini both components 25k/s.
HR 1147			BD+55 824	23383	24215						03 47 32.2	+55 55 21	6.10	B9Vnn
HR 1148	γ		BD+70 259	23401	5006	138		W			03 50 21.5	+71 19 56	4.63	A2IVn	3.9	106.3
HR 1155			BD+65 369	23475	12916		I			BE Cam	03 49 31.2	+65 31 34	4.47	M2+IIab e			C:Large infrared excess.,G:In reflection nebula.,S:Ultraviolet FeII emission.,VAR:Lc 4.35 - 4.48V, amp. 0.12p.
HR 1158			BD+62 612	23523	12917						03 49 36.7	+63 17 50	5.85	A5Vn
HR 1161			BD+56 846	23594	24244			W			03 49 19.6	+57 07 05	6.46	A0Vn	0.8	58.3
HR 1166			BD+68 286	23662	12929						03 51 41.8	+68 30 27	6.32	B9IVp
HR 1192			BD+57 752	24141	24276	1105					03 53 43.3	+57 58 30	5.80	A5m
HR 1196			BD+71 222	24164	5040	2277					03 56 30.2	+71 49 18	6.34	A5m
HR 1204			BD+62 628	24479	12969	2281					03 57 25.5	+63 04 20	5.03	B9.5V e
HR 1205			BD+60 768	24480	12968		I		2867		03 57 08.3	+61 06 32	5.00	K3I-II+A3V:	3.2	1.7	D:Companion A0, CPM.,DYN:0.003".
HR 1241			BD+68 303	25274	13006	2291	I				04 06 03.1	+68 40 48	5.87	K2III
HR 1242			BD+58 690	25291	24384	2290					04 04 27.2	+59 09 20	5.06	F0II
HR 1248			BD+65 391	25425	13015						04 06 39.0	+65 31 15	6.17	A3m
HR 1255			BD+53 732	25602	24411						04 06 36.6	+54 00 31	6.31	K0III-IV
HR 1260			BD+61 676	25638	13031				2984 A	SZ Cam	04 07 51.1	+62 19 48	6.99	B0III	0.3	17.9	D:AB fixed. Some confusion in literature as to which component is A, which B. SZ CAM is Np = B, 6.94V, +0.41(B-V),,D:-0.53(U-B), O9.5V, vsini 160:k/s. Colors of both components have been described as "yellowish" even though both have,D:B-type spectra. Component Q, 10.39V, +0.58(B-V), -0.26(U-B).,G:Open cluster NGC 1502 #1, near center and probable member of cluster.,S:Luminosity of A variously classified II-III, V. Component B classified O9.5V, B0III or B0IIn.,SB:ADS 2984B, same period as for variable light. K 110.9k/s, V0 -22.8, asini 4.11.,VAR:Two variables: ADS 2984A = NSV 1458, amp. 0.05V, SB; component B = SZ Cam, Np, EA 7.0 - 7.29B, changing period, abrupt,VAR:change in 1972 from 2.6984378 to 2.69854365, later to 2.6985439d.
HR 1270			BD+59 759	25877	24436						04 09 27.6	+59 54 29	6.28	G8IIa
HR 1276			BD+54 740	25948	24440						04 09 22.4	+54 49 44	6.18 R	F5V
HR 1281			BD+71 239	26076	5125						04 13 44.9	+72 07 35	6.03	K1III
HR 1282			BD+68 310	26101	13061						04 12 51.6	+68 30 06	6.32	K0
HR 1296			BD+57 785	26553	24495	2304				Var?	04 15 01.8	+57 27 37	6.08	A4III			VAR:Probably var., amp. 0.08V.
HR 1305			BD+61 687	26670	13075						04 16 53.6	+61 51 01	5.70	B5Vn
HR 1313			BD+57 787	26755	24514						04 17 08.2	+57 51 38	5.71	K1III
HR 1314			BD+53 750	26764	24512	2310					04 16 43.1	+53 36 43	5.19	A2Vn
HR 1327			BD+64 433	27022	13098	2315					04 20 40.3	+65 08 26	5.27	G5IIb			G:In Ursa cluster; Sirius group; UMa stream.
HR 1335			BD+60 800	27245	13113	2317	I			1558	04 21 47.6	+60 44 08	5.39	M0III
HR 1342			BD+56 905	27322	24563						04 21 51.8	+56 30 24	5.88 R	A3V
HR 1352			BD+59 793	27402	24577				3146	1566	04 22 57.9	+59 36 59	6.19	A4V	3.1	32.3	VAR:ADS 3146B, 10.5 - >12V.
HR 1382			BD+57 800	27855	24615	2324			3203		04 27 00.9	+57 35 07	6.32	A0III	5.9	20.6	D:Optical.
HR 1401			BD+72 227	28204	5238	2333			3267		04 33 30.7	+72 31 43	5.94	A8m	6.6	26.0	G:Hyades group.,SB:4.195d, K 31.3k/s, V0 +9.0k/s, asini 1.81.
HR 1417		1	BD+53 779	28446	24672	165			3274 A	Var?	04 32 01.8	+53 54 39	5.77	B0III	1.1	10.3	D:AB binary. B, 6.94V, +0.16(B-V), -0.70(U-B), B1IV? vsini =<25k/s.,G:Cam OB1.
HR 1440			BD+63 515	28780	13196	2336					04 36 24.2	+64 15 42	5.94	A1V
HR 1466		2	BD+53 794	29316	24744				3358		04 39 58.1	+53 28 23	5.35	A8V	1.6	0.3	D:AB 5.8 F0V, 7.4 F9V, 26.25y, a = 0.18" or 26.797y, a = 0.157". ABxC 5.6, 7.3, 425.0y, a = 1.38". Component D, 13.2v at,D:at 24" optical. Spectral classes component A, A9V; B, F8V; C, F8V.,DYN:0.004".
HR 1467		3	BD+52 865	29317	24743		I		3359	1681	04 39 54.7	+53 04 47	5.05	K0III	7.0	3.8	SB:121d, K 28.2k/s, V0 -40.5k/s, asini 46.9.,VAR:ADS 3359A, Cep?, 5.05 - 5.10V, 5d?
HR 1468			BD+76 174	29329	5289						04 46 00.3	+76 36 40	6.49	F7V
HR 1486			BD+59 826	29606	24777				3391		04 43 18.1	+59 31 15	6.50 R	A7IV	0.0	0.1	D:280.0y, e 0.56, a 0.45", i 51.9d, mag. diff 0.0.
HR 1491			BD+75 189	29678	5309	173		W			04 48 50.3	+75 56 28	6.06	A9IV	6.0	96.9
HR 1510			BD+70 322	30085	5326	2358					04 50 36.4	+70 56 30	6.37	A0IV
HR 1511		4	BD+56 973	30121	24829	175			3432		04 48 00.3	+56 45 26	5.30	A3m	7.5	99.0	G:Hyades group.,S:Also classified A8IVbmvs.
HR 1515			BD+55 928	30144	24834						04 48 07.0	+55 36 09	6.26 R	F0			G:Hyades group.
HR 1527			BD+63 543	30442	13291	2362	I	W			04 52 05.2	+63 30 19	5.44	M3IIIab	4.5	115.4	G:Eta Cep group.
HR 1542	α	9	BD+66 358	30614	13298	178					04 54 03.0	+66 20 34	4.29	O9.5Ia e			C:Color excess E(B-V) = +0.32.,G:In cluster NGC 1502. A possible runaway star from Cam OB1; in reflection nebula. Member assoc. Cam R1 at 870 pc.,S:H alpha emission due to extended envelope. uv 1548 absorption strong, 1394 very strong. Central Balmer emission in,S:blue-violet only.
HR 1546			BD+52 891	30752	24894						04 53 09.8	+52 50 27	6.41	A2V
HR 1555		5	BD+55 941	30958	24904	2367			3508		04 55 03.1	+55 15 33	5.52	B9.5V	6.4	12.9	D:CPM.
HR 1561			BD+52 898	31134	24919						04 56 07.1	+52 52 10	5.75	A2V s
HR 1568		7	BD+53 829	31278	24929				3536		04 57 17.2	+53 45 08	4.47	A1V	3.4	0.4	D:AB 4.5, 7.8, 284.0y, a = 0.78". C, 11v at 26" CPM, possibly physical.,G:UMa stream.,SB:ADS 3536A, 3.8845d, K 35.8k/s, V0 -9.5k/s, asini 1.91.
HR 1572			BD+74 229	31312	5385		I				05 02 20.1	+74 16 09	6.06	K5III
HR 1587			BD+73 264	31563	5403		I				05 04 13.0	+73 45 50	6.66 R	K0
HR 1588		8	BD+52 906	31579	24943		I				04 59 46.3	+53 09 20	6.08	K4III
HR 1589			BD+73 265	31590	5407			W			05 04 39.8	+74 04 01	5.96 R	A1V	1.0	0.6	D:136.0y, e 0.32, a 0.425", i 88d, mag. diff 1.0.
HR 1593			BD+60 853	31662	13341				3590		05 01 35.9	+61 04 41	6.03	F4V	5.5	5.4	D:CPM.
HR 1594			BD+66 370	31675	13344						05 02 50.4	+66 49 22	6.19	dF6			G:Hyades group.
HR 1603	β	10	BD+60 856	31910	13351	182	I		3615 A		05 03 25.1	+60 26 32	4.03	G1Ib-IIa	3.4	80.8	C:Color excess E(B-V) = +0.16.,G:Group with HR 1622 and 1719, all nearly same proper motion.
HR 1622		11	BD+58 804	32343	25001			W		BV Cam	05 06 08.5	+58 58 21	5.08	B2.5Ve	1.0	180.5	D:Optical pair with HR 1623.,G:Group with HR 1603, 1719.,RV:Pole on. Rotationally unstable Be shell star.,VAR:Gamma Cas, amp. 0.07V, period a few hours?
HR 1623		12	BD+58 805	32357	25003			W		BM Cam	05 06 12.2	+59 01 16	6.08	K0III	1.0	180.5	D:Optical pair with HR 1622; C, 10.8v at 173" from B; D, 13.3 at 16" from B.,SB:80.1745d, K 22.7k/s, V0 +0.6k/s, asini 23.4.,VAR:RS CVn amp. 0.14V, 82.8d.
HR 1624			BD+60 857	32356	13369		I				05 06 29.7	+61 10 12	6.04	K5II
HR 1630			BD+54 859	32445	25007				3667		05 06 22.0	+54 24 21	7.24 R	G5	3.7	6.7	M:HR mag. 6.31 should have been 7.31.
HR 1636			BD+69 302	32518	13382	2382					05 09 36.7	+69 38 22	6.41	K1III
HR 1643			BD+73 274	32650	5455	2387				BN Cam	05 12 22.4	+73 56 48	5.43	B9pSi			RV:At times variable in period 7.993d.,VAR:Alpha CV, amp. 0.10U, 0.06B, 0.05V, 0.7325d.
HR 1647			BD+64 500	32715	13388	2384					05 09 44.5	+64 55 10	6.41	F6V
HR 1650			BD+76 190	32781	5464				3738	1854	05 14 35.6	+76 28 22	6.37	A0V	4.5	1.5	VAR:ADS 3738B, amp. 1.8v?
HR 1675			BD+61 766	33266	13409						05 13 03.2	+61 51 00	6.17	A2III
HR 1678		14	BD+62 734	33296	13413						05 13 31.3	+62 41 29	6.50	A7Vn
HR 1683			BD+73 280	33541	5483						05 18 13.3	+73 16 05	5.74 R	A0V
HR 1686			BD+79 169	33564	5496	191			3864 A		05 22 33.5	+79 13 52	5.05	F6V	3.7	10.4	D:B, dF5, optical. C observed only once.
HR 1688			BD+59 857	33618	25088						05 15 11.3	+59 24 20	6.15	K2III-IV
HR 1719		15	BD+57 874	34233	25125						05 19 27.8	+58 07 02	6.13	B5V			G:Group with HR 1603, 1622. Cas-Tau OB1.
HR 1720			BD+62 742	34255	13460	2397	I				05 20 22.6	+62 39 13	5.61	K4I:
HR 1745			BD+77 195	34653	5535	2404					05 29 25.7	+77 58 39	6.56	A7III
HR 1751		16	BD+57 879	34787	25161	2402		W			05 23 27.8	+57 32 40	5.28	A0Vn	7.7	106.2
HR 1802		17	BD+62 759	35583	13518	203	I			2003	05 30 10.2	+63 04 02	5.42	M1IIIa
HR 1828		18	BD+57 889	36066	25241	1150				2058	05 32 33.8	+57 13 16	6.48	F8V
HR 1844			BD+74 252	36384	5593	205	I			2337	05 39 43.7	+75 02 38	6.17	M0III
HR 1853			BD+66 401	36496	13548			W			05 37 16.2	+66 41 46	6.26	A8Vn	0.8	0.3
HR 1857		19	BD+64 536	36570	13550				4177		05 37 15.1	+64 09 17	6.15	A0V	4.0	1.6	D:CPM.
HR 1916			BD+65 485	37289	13570	2426	I				05 42 26.4	+65 41 52	5.60	gK5
HR 1941		24	BD+56 1050	37601	25333						05 43 01.6	+56 34 54	6.05	K0III
HR 1943		23	BD+61 816	37638	13590						05 44 08.6	+61 28 36	6.15	gG5
HR 1969		26	BD+56 1058	38091	25362					2615	05 46 30.4	+56 06 56	5.94	A4Vn
HR 1976			BD+62 784	38284	13618				4376		05 49 04.9	+62 48 29	6.13 R	A4V	0.9	0.9
HR 1992		29	BD+56 1065	38618	25403				4412		05 50 34.0	+56 55 08	6.54	A4IV-V	4.2	25.1	D:Third component mag. diff 6.29V, 80" from A.
HR 1994			BD+68 412	38645	13635	2438					05 52 55.5	+68 28 17	6.20	G9III
HR 2006		30	BD+58 863	38831	25419						05 52 17.4	+58 57 51	6.14	A0V s
HR 2027		31	BD+59 920	39220	25447	2446				TU Cam	05 54 57.8	+59 53 18	5.20	A2V			SB:2.9333d, K 78.0k/s, V0 -4.0k/s, asini 3.15.,VAR:EB 5.12 - 5.29V, 2.933241d.
HR 2041			BD+66 413	39429	13662	2448					05 57 35.0	+66 05 46	6.25	K0
HR 2078			BD+75 247	40055	5730	2459					06 05 09.3	+75 35 09	6.40 R	K5
HR 2121			BD+59 937	40827	25551						06 05 08.3	+59 23 35	6.34	K1III-IV			G:Probable Hyades group.
HR 2126			BD+63 630	40956	13715						06 06 39.2	+63 27 13	6.39 R	K0
HR 2152		37	BD+58 897	41597	25597		I				06 09 59.1	+58 56 09	5.36	G8III
HR 2165		36	BD+65 517	41927	13756	233	I				06 12 51.1	+65 43 06	5.32	K1.5IIIbCN-0.5
HR 2201		40	BD+60 938	42633	13772		I	W			06 15 40.6	+59 59 57	5.35	K3III	5.1	102.7
HR 2209			BD+69 371	42818	13788	234					06 18 50.8	+69 19 11	4.80	A0Vn
HR 2285			BD+70 401	44472	5861				5039		06 28 14.6	+70 32 08	5.97 R	A4V	5.9	5.7	D:CPM.
HR 2346			BD+79 208	45560	5911						06 40 16.8	+79 35 58	6.54 R	A1V
HR 2350			BD+82 177	45618	1043	3950					06 44 30.2	+82 06 55	6.65	A5V
HR 2363			BD+78 227	45866	5919	2507	I				06 40 28.8	+77 59 45	5.73	gK5
HR 2365			BD+73 340	45947	5909	2503					06 37 54.9	+73 41 44	6.24	F2
HR 2396			BD+71 359	46509	5925	2511					06 40 32.2	+71 44 56	5.92	K0III
HR 2401			BD+79 212	46588	5946	248					06 46 14.1	+79 33 53	5.45	F8V			SB:60.0d, K 1.7k/s, V0 +16.2k/s, asini 1.245. Orbit questioned by Morbey and Griffin (1987, ApJ, 317, 343).,SB:Unresolved by speckle interferometry.
HR 2490		42	BD+67 454	48879	13973	2523					06 50 57.1	+67 34 19	5.14	B4IV
HR 2511		43	BD+69 394	49340	13986	259					06 53 42.2	+68 53 18	5.12	B7III
HR 2527			BD+77 266	49878	6022	260	I				07 00 04.0	+76 58 39	4.55	K4III			G:Wolf 630 group.
HR 2581			BD+70 430	50885	6041		I	W			07 01 21.5	+70 48 29	5.68	gK4	5.3	117.0
HR 2617			BD+70 432	52030	6074		I				07 05 51.8	+70 43 55	6.50 R	K0III
HR 2681			BD+72 352	54070	6115	2552					07 13 58.1	+71 49 00	6.35	K0
HR 2709			BD+81 242	55075	1164						07 25 21.9	+81 15 27	6.31	A0III
HR 2742			BD+82 201	55966	1179	3951	I			VZ Cam	07 31 04.4	+82 24 41	4.96	M4IIIa			G:Hyades group.,VAR:SR 4.80 - 4.96V, 6.40 - 6.70p, 23.7d.
HR 2772		47	BD+60 1048	56820	26298				5995		07 22 17.2	+59 54 07	6.35	A8m	4.5	2.2
HR 2797			BD+81 252	57508	1194						07 34 39.7	+80 53 48	6.41 R	gG7
HR 2809			BD+66 502	57742	14195	2571					07 27 25.8	+66 19 54	6.47	B9III
HR 2830			BD+68 480	58425	14211	284	I				07 30 52.7	+68 27 56	5.64	gK2
HR 2975		51	BD+65 593	62066	14321	2602					07 46 40.1	+65 27 21	5.92	gK2
HR 2977		49	BD+63 733	62140	14322					BC Cam	07 46 27.4	+62 49 50	6.49	F0pSrEu			VAR:Alpha CV 6.43 - 6.48V, 4.285d. Magnetic field same period.
HR 2997			BD+80 238	62613	1254						07 56 17.3	+80 15 56	6.56	G8V
HR 3075			BD+74 338	64307	6378	300	I				08 00 11.7	+73 55 05	5.41	K3III
HR 3082			BD+79 265	64486	6392	2617		W			08 04 47.1	+79 28 47	5.42	A0pSi	8.3	6.7	S:Magnetic star.
HR 3108			BD+84 169	65299	1300	1639					08 16 53.8	+84 03 28	6.49	A3IV
HR 3109		53	BD+60 1105	65339	14402	302		S		AX Cam	08 01 42.4	+60 19 28	6.01	A2pSrCrEu v			RV:1.14229d, 8d, and order of years. Possibly binary.,SB:2380d, K about 8k/s, V0 -2.2k/s, asini 220.,VAR:Alpha CV 5.95 - 6.08V, 8.0278d. 1.14d also possible. Length of period varies in cycles 1.8 yrs. Magnetic and,VAR:spectrum variable 8.0269d; also rotation period.
HR 3112			BD+63 749	65448	14407	2619		W			08 02 30.8	+63 05 25	6.40	G1III	2.4	48.6
HR 3197			BD+82 235	67934	1319	3952					08 24 32.9	+82 25 51	6.32	A2Vn
HR 3216			BD+76 310	68375	6487	310					08 19 32.2	+75 45 25	5.54	G8III
HR 3352			BD+75 342	71973	6592				6872	4133	08 36 48.7	+74 43 25	6.31	A2m	3.5	1.8	D:CPM.,SB:ADS 6872A, 4.285d, K 63.5k/s, V0 -7.4k/s, asini 3.72.,VAR:ADS 6872B, L 9.0 - >12v.
HR 3379			BD+74 370	72582	6605	322					08 39 42.6	+73 37 47	6.15	G7III
HR 3581			BD+84 196	76990	1461	1640					09 15 21.2	+84 10 52	6.33	F2III
HR 3666			BD+74 393	79517	6816						09 19 55.8	+74 00 59	6.50 R	G8III
HR 3934			BD+84 225	86321	1637	3955				Var	10 08 34.3	+83 55 06	6.37	K0			VAR:Amp. 0.13V.
HR 4062			BD+84 234	89571	1701						10 29 41.5	+84 15 08	5.50	F0IV			G:Hyades group.
HR 4084			BD+83 297	90089	1714	911				4864	10 31 04.6	+82 33 31	5.26	F2V
HR 4429			BD+81 373	99945	1884	3956				5230	11 31 50.4	+81 07 38	6.15	A2m
HR 4586			BD+81 389	104216	1967	3957	I			5415	12 00 18.6	+80 51 11	6.17	M2III			G:61 Cyg group.
HR 4606			BD+86 176	104904	1975	1642					12 04 28.1	+85 35 14	6.27	F6V
HR 4609			BD+77 461	104985	7500	451					12 05 15.1	+76 54 21	5.80	G9III
HR 4639			BD+82 356	105943	1991			W			12 11 00.0	+81 42 36	6.00	gK5	2.0	66.7
HR 4646			BD+78 412	106112	7522	454					12 12 11.9	+77 36 59	5.14	A5m			SB:1.2710d, K 63.2?k/s, V0 +0.3k/s, asini 1.10.
HR 4852			BD+81 402	111112	2080	3017					12 44 26.0	+80 37 16	6.40	A5m			S:Also classified A5V, A6III.
HR 4892			BD+84 289	112014	2101				8682 B		12 49 06.6	+83 25 05	5.85	A0V+A2V	0.5	21.6	D:CPM with HR 4893.,N:With HR 4893 called 32 Cam in Hevelius and some later catalogues. NOT Flamsteed 32. In BAC the two are listed as in UMi.,N:Fl. 32 Cam = 30 Aur = HR 2029.,SB:ADS 8682B, 3.2866d, K 108.3k/s, V0 -0.1k/s, msin3i 2.47, asini 4.89. vsini both components 17k/s.
HR 4893			BD+84 290	112028	2102				8682 A		12 49 13.6	+83 24 46	5.28	A1IIIShell	0.5	21.6	D:CPM with HR 4892.,N:See HR 4892.
HR 5009			BD+81 416	115337	2164	3056		W		6153	13 12 25.4	+80 28 17	6.25	K0Ib	4.0	1.1	S:Also classified G8III + A8V:.,VAR:Fainter component 8.5 - 10.5v.
HR 5091			BD+79 422	117566	7821	3075					13 26 56.7	+78 38 38	5.77	G2.5IIIbCH1
HR 5131			BD+77 516	118686	7848		I				13 34 42.8	+76 32 48	6.57 R	K5III:
HR 5203			BD+83 397	120565	2266	1643					13 42 23.1	+82 45 09	5.98	G9III

Revised+Historic NGC/IC, Version 22/9, © Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke ^[277]
Planetarische Nebel
Name	RA	Dec	Typ	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Beschreibung	Identifikation, Anmerkungen
NGC 1501	04 06 59.4	+60 55 17	PN	13.3	11.5	0.87	planetary, pB, pS, vlE, 1' diam	PK 144+6.1, CS=14.4
IC 3568	12 33 06.9	+82 33 51	PN	11.6	10.6	0.17	Planetary or neb * 9.5, * 13 p 15"	PK 123+34.1, UGC 7731, CS=11.4
Offene Sternhaufen
Name	RA	Dec	Typ	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Beschreibung	Identifikation, Anmerkungen
NGC 1502	04 07 49.2	+62 19 54	II3p		6.9	20	Cl, pRi, cC, iF	OCL 383
NGC 1708	05 03 27.0	+52 50 00	OCL			20	Cl, vL, pRi, lC, st L and S
IC 361	04 18 50.6	+58 14 58	II1r		11.7	7	F, L, ? neb Cl	OCL 393
Galaxien
Name	RA	Dec	Typ	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Beschreibung	Identifikation, Anmerkungen
NGC 1469	04 00 27.8	+68 34 39	E-S0	13.7	12.7	1.9 × 0.8	vF, vS, R, B * nr	UGC 2909, MCG 11-5-4, CGCG 305-3
NGC 1485	04 05 03.4	+70 59 48	Sb	13.4	12.6	2.1 × 0.7	eF, pS, R	UGC 2933, MCG 12-4-10, CGCG 327-14, IRAS 03598+7051
NGC 1530	04 23 26.9	+75 17 40	SBb	12.3	11.5	4.4 × 2.5	pB, L	UGC 3013, MCG 13-4-4, CGCG 327-17, IRAS 04170+7510, KUG 0417+751, 7ZW 12, KARA 147, CGCG 347-4
NGC 1560	04 32 47.5	+71 52 46	Scd	12.2	11.4	9.8 × 1.5	vF, L, E, * 9.3 sp	UGC 3060, MCG 12-5-5, CGCG 328-6, FGC 71A
NGC 1569	04 30 49.1	+64 50 53	IBm	11.9	11.0	3.7 × 1.8	pB, S, lE, bNM, * 9.5 n 1'	UGC 3056, MCG 11-6-1, CGCG 306-1, Arp 210, 7ZW 16, IRAS 04260+6444
NGC 1573	04 35 04.2	+73 15 47	E3	12.8	11.7	1.9 × 1.3	vF, S, * 9.5 f	UGC 3077, MCG 12-5-8, CGCG 328-9, 7ZW 18
NGC 1573 A	04 48 26.7	+73 28 10	SBbc	14.8	14.0	1.6 × 1.3	vF, S, * 9.5 f	UGC 3150, MCG 12-5-20, CGCG 328-21, IRAS 04423+7322
NGC 1961	05 42 03.9	+69 22 43	SBbc	11.7	11.0	4.5 × 3.1	cF, pL, iF, mbM, er, * inv (? PD)	IC 2133, UGC 3334, MCG 12-6-7, IRAS 05365+6921, CGCG 329-8, Arp 184
NGC 2128	06 04 34.0	+57 37 39	E-S0	13.6	12.6	1.5 × 1.1	vF, vS, vlE	UGC 3392, MCG 10-9-10, CGCG 284-6, IRAS 06002+5737
NGC 2146	06 18 38.3	+78 21 21	SBab/P	11.4	10.6	5.4 × 2.9	pB, 2' l, lE	UGC 3429, MCG 13-5-22, CGCG 348-17, KCPG 110A, IRAS 06106+7822
NGC 2146 A	06 23 54.6	+78 31 48	SBc	13.5	12.9	3 × 1.2	pB, 2' l, lE	UGC 3439, MCG 13-5-25, CGCG 348-19, IRAS 06155+7833, KUG 0615+785, KCPG 110B
NGC 2256	06 47 14.2	+74 14 13	E/SB0	13.5	12.5	2.3 × 2	F, R, * 9.5 3' sf	UGC 3519, MCG 12-7-15, CGCG 330-14
NGC 2258	06 47 46.5	+74 28 53	S0	13.0	11.9	2.3 × 1.5	F, 2 st 10·11 f	UGC 3523, MCG 12-7-16, CGCG 330-15
NGC 2268	07 14 17.5	+84 22 56	SBbc	12.2	11.5	2.7 × 1.5	pF, pL, lE	UGC 3653, MCG 14-4-22, CGCG 362-36, CGCG 363-20, IRAS 07006+8427
NGC 2314	07 10 31.8	+75 19 40	E3	13.2	12.2	1.1 × 0.8	vF, S, R	UGC 3677, MCG 13-6-3, CGCG 348-32
NGC 2336	07 27 03.6	+80 10 40	SBbc	11.1	10.4	7.1 × 3.9	pB, pL, R, 2 st 11 nr	UGC 3809, MCG 13-6-6, CGCG 348-34, IRAS 07184+8016, CGCG 349-4, KCPG 132A
NGC 2336 A	07 56 15.1	+78 00 47	Sc	14.4	13.7	1.7 × 1.7	pB, pL, R, 2 st 11 nr	UGC 4066, MCG 13-6-12, CGCG 349-11
NGC 2347	07 16 04.0	+64 42 41	Sb	13.2	12.5	1.8 × 1.3	vF, S, R, lbM	UGC 3759, MCG 11-9-39, CGCG 309-26, IRAS 07112+6447, KCPG 128B, near SAO 14129
NGC 2366	07 28 54.8	+69 12 58	IBm	11.5	11.1	8.1 × 3	vF, pL, mbM, vS * inv, curved tails	UGC 3851, MCG 12-7-40, DDO 42, IRAS 07233+6917, CGCG 330-38, MK 71, KCPG 133B
NGC 2403	07 36 50.6	+65 36 06	SBc	8.9	8.5	23.4 × 11.8	!! cB, eL, vmE, vgmbMN	UGC 3918, MCG 11-10-7, CGCG 309-40, IRAS 07321+6543, KARA 197, CGCG 310-3
NGC 2441	07 51 54.5	+73 00 55	SBb	13.0	12.2	2 × 1.8	vF, pS	UGC 4036, MCG 12-8-15, CGCG 331-17, IRAS 07460+7308
NGC 2460	07 56 52.8	+60 20 58	Sab	12.7	11.8	2.5 × 1.9	F, S, R, S * in centre	UGC 4097, MCG 10-12-21, CGCG 287-10, IRAS 07525+6028
NGC 2523	08 15 00.0	+73 34 44	SBbc	12.6	11.9	2.9 × 1.8	pB, pL, lE, lbM, * nr	UGC 4271, MCG 12-8-31, CGCG 331-32, Arp 9, IRAS 08092+7343
NGC 2523 A	08 04 08.4	+74 02 53	SBc	14.5	13.8	1 × 0.7	pB, pL, lE, lbM, * nr	UGC 4166, MCG 12-8-24, CGCG 331-26, KUG 0758+741
NGC 2523 B	08 12 56.8	+73 33 49	Sb	14.8	14.0	2 × 0.3	pB, pL, lE, lbM, * nr	UGC 4259, MCG 12-8-30, CGCG 331-30, IRAS 08072+7342
NGC 2523 C	08 17 44.2	+73 19 05	E5	14.3	13.3	1.5 × 0.8	pB, pL, lE, lbM, * nr	UGC 4290, MCG 12-8-32, CGCG 331-33, NPM1G +73.0036
NGC 2544	08 21 40.3	+73 59 18	SBa	13.8	12.9	1.1 × 0.8	eeF, pS, R, sev B st around	UGC 4327, MCG 12-8-34, MK 87, IRAS 08159+7409, KCPG 160A, KUG 0815+741, CGCG 331-36
NGC 2550	08 24 33.7	+74 00 43	Sb/P	13.6	12.8	1 × 0.4	eeF, pS, cE	UGC 4359, MCG 12-8-37, CGCG 331-39, IRAS 08188+7410
NGC 2550 A	08 28 39.1	+73 44 53	Sc	13.4	12.7	1.6 × 1.4	eeF, pS, cE	UGC 4397, MCG 12-8-43, CGCG 331-43, KUG 0823+739, IRAS 08230+7354
NGC 2551	08 24 50.2	+73 24 45	Sa	13.1	12.1	1.6 × 1	vF, S, F * in centre	UGC 4362, MCG 12-8-38, CGCG 331-40, ARAK 162
NGC 2591	08 37 25.5	+78 01 32	Sc	12.9	12.2	3 × 0.6	F, S, E, lbM	UGC 4472, MCG 13-7-1, CGCG 349-29, CGCG 350-1, IRAS 08307+7811
NGC 2633	08 48 04.6	+74 05 57	SBb/P	12.9	12.2	2.3 × 1.5	F, S, lE	UGC 4574, MCG 12-9-13, VV 519, IRAS 08425+7416, CGCG 331-63, CGCG 332-10, CGCG 350-5, Arp 80, KCPG 169
NGC 2634	08 48 25.5	+73 58 02	E1	12.9	12.0	1.7 × 1.6	F, S, lE	UGC 4581, MCG 12-9-15, CGCG 331-66, CGCG 332-13
NGC 2634 A	08 48 38.1	+73 56 19	SBbc	14.3	13.5	1.8 × 0.4	F, S, lE	UGC 4585, MCG 12-9-16, CGCG 331-68, CGCG 332-15, IRAS 08433+7406
NGC 2636	08 48 24.4	+73 40 18	E0	14.7	13.8	0.4 × 0.4	vF, S, 2 st 11·12 f	UGC 4583, CGCG 331-67, CGCG 332-14, NPM1G +73.0043
NGC 2646	08 50 21.8	+73 27 46	SB0	13.1	12.1	1.3 × 1.3	vF, S, 2 F st 2'.5 sf	IC 511, UGC 4604, MCG 12-9-19, CGCG 332-19, ARAK 180, CGCG 331-69
NGC 2655	08 55 37.7	+78 13 25	SB0-a	11.0	10.1	4.9 × 4.1	vB, cL, lE 90°, gsvmbM	UGC 4637, MCG 13-7-10, CGCG 349-33, IRAS 08491+7824, CGCG 350-7, Arp 225
NGC 2715	09 08 05.9	+78 05 09	SBc	11.8	11.2	4.8 × 1.6	pB, L, E	UGC 4759, MCG 13-7-15, CGCG 350-12, IRAS 09018+7817
NGC 2732	09 13 25.0	+79 11 16	S0	12.9	11.9	2.1 × 0.9	pB, S, E 45°, * 13 nf	UGC 4818, MCG 13-7-16, CGCG 350-13
NGC 2748	09 13 43.0	+76 28 33	Sbc	12.4	11.7	3.1 × 1.1	pB, pL, E, vglbM	UGC 4825, MCG 13-7-19, CGCG 350-14, IRAS 09080+7640, PRC C-28
NGC 3901	11 42 49.2	+77 22 22	Sc	14.4	13.7	1.8 × 0.8	pF, pL, r, Place doubtful	UGC 6675, MCG 13-9-1, CGCG 351-68, CGCG 352-6, KARA 496
NGC 4127	12 08 25.8	+76 48 16	Sc	13.4	12.7	2.5 × 1.2	F, pL, vlE, glbM	UGC 7122, MCG 13-9-12, CGCG 352-19, IRAS 12060+7705
NGC 5295	13 38 39.3	+79 27 34	E-S0	15.3	14.3	0.4 × 0.4	vF, vS, R	MCG 13-10-9, CGCG 353-23, NPM1G +79.0112
NGC 5640	14 20 40.7	+80 07 25	Sa	15.6	14.7	0.9 × 0.4	eF, S, lE	CGCG 353-35, NPM1G +80.0106
IC 334	03 45 17.1	+76 38 15	I/P	12.5	11.3	2.5 × 2.1	pB, S, * 13 inv sf	UGC 2824, MCG 13-3-7, CGCG 346-6
IC 342	03 46 48.4	+68 05 44	SBc	9.1	8.4	21.4 × 20.9	pB, vS, * 12 close n	UGC 2847, MCG 11-5-3, CGCG 305-2, IRAS 03419+6756
IC 356	04 07 46.3	+69 48 43	Sb/P	11.4	10.6	5.9 × 3.9	pF, pL, bM, * 8.5 4' n	UGC 2953, MCG 12-4-11, CGCG 327-15, Arp 213, IRAS 04025+6940
IC 381	04 44 28.4	+75 38 23	SBbc	13.1	12.3	2.4 × 1.3	F, S, bM, * 12 np	UGC 3130, MCG 13-4-7, CGCG 347-6, IRAS 04378+7532
IC 391	04 57 22.1	+78 11 23	Sc/P	13.0	12.7	1.1 × 1.1	F, S, R	UGC 3190, MCG 13-4-11, CGCG 347-9, IRAS 04497+7806, KARA 155, KUG 0449+781
IC 396	04 57 58.8	+68 19 23	S?	13.0	12.1	2.1 × 1.5	F, S, R, bMN, F D * sf	UGC 3203, MCG 11-7-2, CGCG 306-7, IRAS 04527+6814, CGCG 307-1, KCPG 104
IC 440	06 19 13.0	+80 04 06	Sab	14.1	13.3	1.6 × 0.9	vF, S	UGC 3427, MCG 13-5-21, CGCG 348-16, KCPG 109, IRAS 06102+8005
IC 442	06 36 11.9	+82 58 08	E-S0	13.9	12.9	0.9 × 0.9	F, S, R, mbM	UGC 3470, MCG 14-4-3, CGCG 362-22, KCPG 113A, CGCG 363-5, NPM1G +83.0016
IC 445	06 37 21.0	+67 51 36	S0	14.2	13.2	1.2 × 0.9	eF, S, R, B * sf	UGC 3497, MCG 11-9-1, CGCG 308-33, KCPG 114A
IC 449	06 45 40.8	+71 20 37	E2	13.5	12.5	1.7 × 1.3	pF, S, R, bM, bet 2 D st	UGC 3515, MCG 12-7-14, CGCG 330-12
IC 450	06 52 12.3	+74 25 39	S0-a	15.0	13.9	0.8 × 0.5	vF, S	UGC 3547, MCG 12-7-18, MK 6, IRAS 06457+7429, KUG 0645+744, NPM1G +74.0026, CGCG 330-17
IC 451	06 52 51.8	+74 28 48	Sb	14.6	13.8	1.3 × 1.1	vF, S	UGC 3550, MCG 12-7-19, CGCG 330-18
IC 467	07 30 17.8	+79 52 21	SBc	13.2	12.6	3.1 × 1.2	vF, pS, ssF of 2336	UGC 3834, MCG 13-6-7, CGCG 348-35, IRAS 07218+7958, CGCG 349-5, KCPG 132B
IC 499	08 45 17.3	+85 44 26	Sa	13.4	12.5	2.1 × 1.1	pF, S, mbM, * nf	UGC 4463, MCG 14-4-54, CGCG 363-46, CGCG 364-5, NPM1G +85.0024, most northern IC
IC 512	09 03 49.0	+85 30 06	Sc	12.9	12.2	1.8 × 1.3	F, S, R, gbM	UGC 4646, MCG 14-5-2, CGCG 363-49, CGCG 364-8, IRAS 08508+8541
IC 520	08 53 42.1	+73 29 27	SBab	12.6	11.7	1.5 × 1.3	pB, pL, bM, * nr	UGC 4630, MCG 12-9-26, CGCG 331-73, IRAS 08483+7340, ARAK 183, CGCG 332-25
IC 529	09 18 32.9	+73 45 35	Sc	12.3	11.9	3.3 × 1.3	pF, pL, E	UGC 4888, MCG 12-9-35, CGCG 332-38, IRAS 09134+7358
IC 2174	07 09 05.0	+75 21 13	SBa	14.3	13.5	0.9 × 0.7	eF, S, bM	UGC 3666, MCG 13-6-2, CGCG 348-30
IC 2179	07 15 32.3	+64 55 34	E1	13.5	12.4	1.1 × 1.1	* 13 in vF, vS neb [? = III 746]	UGC 3750, MCG 11-9-38A, CGCG 309-25, KCPG 128A
IC 2184	07 29 24.9	+72 07 43	Sbc	13.9	13.1	0.8 × 0.7	vF, S, stell, r	UGC 3852, MCG 12-7-41, MK 8, IRAS 07236+7213, KCPG 135A, CGCG 330-39, 7ZW 156, VV 644
IC 2209	07 56 14.2	+60 18 14	SBb	14.3	13.7	1.1 × 0.9	vF, S, lbM	UGC 4093, MCG 10-12-17, MK 13, IRAS 07519+6026, CGCG 286-78, CGCG 287-8, KUG 0751+604
IC 2389	08 47 58.3	+73 32 19	SBb	14.0	13.4	1.4 × 0.3	vF, S, lbM	UGC 4576, MCG 12-9-11, CGCG 331-64, IRAS 08425+7343, CGCG 332-11, VV 798

«Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae» Acker et al., 1992 ^[141]
PNG	RA	Dec	Main ID	PK	IRAS	Discoverer	Identities	oDiam ["]	rDiam ["]	Dist [kpc]	Rvel [km/s]	ExpVel [km/s]	C* Name	C* Mag	C* SP Type
PN G123.6+34.5	12 33 07	+82 33 50	IC 3568	123+34.1	12317+8250	AITKEN 1900	ARO 56, VV 63, VV' 111	10.		1.31	-41.1 ± 0.8	7.8 (O-III)	AG +82 365, AG82 147, BD +83 357, GCRV 7565, HD 109540	B: 13.73, V: 13.45	O3(H)
PN G142.1+03.4	03 36 08	+60 03 47	K 3-94		03319+5953	KOHOUTEK 1972		7.1	10.			10. (O-III), 10. (N-II)
PN G143.6+23.8	06 29 35	+71 04 04	EGB 4			ELLIS et al 1984		111.					PG 0623+71	B: 12.79, V: 12.77
PN G144.5+06.5	04 07 01	+60 55 03	NGC 1501	144+06.1	04026+6047	HERSCHEL 1787	ARO 44, VV 16, VV' 22	52.		2.0 :	+36.2 ± 1.4	37.0 (O-III)	AG82 26, CSI +60 -04027, GCRV 2334, PLX 894	U: 14.34, B: 15.17, V: 14.39	WC 6-7,OVI, WC early
PN G146.7+07.6	04 25 51	+60 07 13	M 4-18	146+07.1	04215+6000	MINKOWSKI 1959	ARO 213	4.	4.		-17.0 ± 12.0	< 7.5 (O-III), 17.0 (N-II)	AG82 31	B: 14.22, V: 13.96	WC 11
PN G147.8+04.1	04 13 15	+56 56 54	M 2- 2	147+04.1	04091+5649	MINKOWSKI 1947	ARO 211, VV 18, VV' 24	6.1	7.		-7.0 ± 25.0	14.0 (O-III)
PN G149.0+04.4	04 20 45	+56 18 13	K 4-47		04166+5611	KOHOUTEK 1969		0.	0.25

7	«Der grosse Kosmos-Himmelsführer» von Ian Ridpath und Wil Tirion; Kosmos Verlag; ISBN 3-440-05787-9
9	«Drehbare Sternkarte SIRIUS» von H. Suter-Haug; Hallwag-Verlag, Bern
15	«Hartung's Astronomical Objects for Southern Telescopes» by David Malin and David J. Frew; Melbourne University Press 1995; ISBN 0-522-84553-3
19	«Prodromus Astronomiae» Johannes Hevelius, 1690; DOI:10.3931/e-rara-456
21	«Taschenatlas der Sternbilder» von Josef Klepesta und Antonin Rükl; Verlag Werner Dausien; ISBN 3-7684-2384-0
133	Deepsky Atlas of the Hawaiian Astronomical Society; hawastsoc.org/deepsky
141	Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae; A. Acker, F. Ochsenbein, B. Stenholm, R. Tylenda, J. Marcout, C. Schohn; European Southern Observatory; ISBN 3-923524-41-2 (1992); Bibcode:1992secg.book.....A; cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/V/84
150	IAU: The Constellations, 11. Oktober 2020; iau.org/public/themes/constellations
154	Yale Bright Star Catalog, 15. Oktober 2020; tdc-www.harvard.edu/catalogs/bsc5.html
277	«Historische Deep-Sky Kataloge» von Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke; klima-luft.de/steinicke (2021-02-17)