Constellation Canis Maior (Great Dog)

Canis Maior
Canis Maior: IAU Constellation Map [150]

Properties

Canis Maior is a typical winter constellation and is located southeast of Orion. The constellation is very noticeable as it contains the brightest fixed star in the firmament, Sirius. If you extend Orion's belt to the southeast, you come across it directly.

The star Sirius forms the winter hexagon together with Procyon, Castor and Pollux, Capella, Aldebaran and Rigel. The area of Canis Maior is 380 square degrees and it culminates at midnight on around January 1st.[9, 15]

Stars with Proper Names:

  • α CMa: Sirius, Canicula, Dog Star, Aschere
  • β CMa: Murzim, Mirzam, Mirza
  • γ CMa: Muliphen, Muliphein, Isis, Mirza
  • δ CMa: Wezen, Alwazn, Wesen, Al Wazor
  • ε CMa: Adara, Adhara
  • ζ CMa: Furud, Phurud
  • η CMa: Aludra
Data for constellation Canis Maior [150]
IAU NameCanis Maior
IAU GenitiveCanis Majoris
IAU Abbr.CMa
English NameGreat Dog
Season (47° N)November … February
Right Ascension06h 11m 36s … 07h 27m 54s
Declination-33° 15' 02" … -11° 01' 49"
Area380 deg2
Neighbours (N↻)Mon, Lep, Col, Pup

Deep-Sky Object Descriptions

Mythology and History

Canis Maior is an ancient constellation that depicts one of the dogs that follow on on the heels of the sky hunter Orion. The other dog is Canis Minor. [7, 10, 20, 21, 25]

Constellation Canis Major
Constellation Canis Major: Illustration from «Uranometria» by Johann Bayer, copper engraving by Alexander Mair, 1603 [28]

Another, somewhat questionable interpretation is that of the hellhound Kerberos: Echidne and Typhon were the parents of Kerberos. Half of Echidne's body was a beautiful woman, the other half a stained, disgusting snake; she lived in a deep cave and ate only sweet human flesh. Typhon was the worst monster you can imagine; his legs were writhing snakes, his arms had snakeheads in place of his hands, a hideous donkey's head was his head, and smoking lava erupted from his mouth when he opened it. Echidne and Typhon fathered several children, including Kerberos, who inherited some of his parents' physical characteristics. Mostly he is described as three-headed and several stitches depict him in a realistic way. Snakeheads grew out of his back and his prickly tail, which he could whip and move, was a dangerous weapon. This Kerberos lived in the underworld and his job was to devour anyone who tried to escape from the underworld and not to let any living mortal enter the underworld. But Heracles succeeded - this was his twelfth task which Eurysteus entrusted to him - to tie Kerberus with diamond-hard chains and to pull him out of the underworld. The beast barked wildly as soon as it was brought into daylight, and disgusting drool spurted out of all its mouths on meadows and fields, and a poisonous plant - it was the blue monkshood - grew from every drop of the contaminated saliva. The world was glad when Hercules brought this beast back to Hades. [20]

The constellation was named Canis, Canis Syrius (after its main star Sirius) and Canis Australior (because of its location south of the celestial equator), but also Kerberos and Ianitor Lethaeus (doorkeeper of the underworld). An attempt was made to give this constellation a biblical interpretation, but it never caught on. The hunting dog of Orion or the bloodthirsty Kerberos was reinterpreted as the tame dog of Tobias or completely as Saint David. [20]

Catalogs

Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) [154]
HR B F RA [hms] Dec [dms] vMag spType dMag Sep ["]
221306 12 46.3-17 45 476.52 B3III
222506 13 45.1-23 51 436.39 G5
222606 13 33.3-29 23 466.54 B7V
224206 15 08.4-20 16 205.91 K0
224306 15 17.5-18 28 365.99 K0
224406 15 44.9-13 43 065.01 B9Vn
224906 16 07.7-16 37 045.92 B2.5Vn e
225206 15 57.2-29 47 186.67 K4III
225406 17 03.5-22 42 546.07 G0V 4.447.6
226006 17 41.7-16 48 575.14 K3III
226606 18 13.7-19 58 015.52 B2V
226806 18 48.8-15 01 296.06 M0III
227106 18 59.0-20 55 345.81 B4IV
2282ζ106 20 18.8-30 03 483.02 B2.5V 4.6175.5
228406 21 24.7-11 46 245.64 B1Vpe v4.24.2
2294β206 22 42.0-17 57 211.98 B1II-III 7.8185.9
230306 23 46.0-15 04 186.24 K2
230506 24 10.3-11 31 495.22 K3III
230606 23 47.6-19 47 076.60 B8IIIHe wk 0.30.8
230706 23 14.4-31 47 246.34 G8III
230906 24 20.5-12 57 456.12 B5Ve 4.423.2
231106 23 55.9-25 34 405.63 K5III
231806 24 43.9-28 46 486.39 G2IV
234906 27 11.2-25 51 246.07 F9V 6.543.
235906 28 37.3-17 27 585.77 G5
2361λ06 28 10.1-32 34 484.48 B4V
236406 28 39.2-32 22 165.74 B4Vnpe 2.01.2
237306 30 34.7-13 08 536.16 B1.5V 5.033.2
237906 31 23.0-12 23 305.15 K3III 8.314.8
238006 30 46.3-27 46 105.93 B2.5V
2387ξ1406 31 51.3-23 25 064.33 B0.5IV 9.624.6
239206 32 46.9-11 09 596.24 G9.5III:Ba3
239706 32 39.0-32 01 505.69 B2IVe 3.024.7
240306 33 26.6-20 55 266.40 G5
2414ξ2506 35 03.4-22 57 534.54 A0V
241506 34 35.3-32 42 595.62 B8V
2423ν1606 36 22.8-18 39 365.70 G8III+F3IV-V 1.917.4
242806 36 46.7-13 19 155.97 K5
2429ν2706 36 41.0-19 15 213.95 K1III
243306 36 40.9-22 36 546.35 B5V 3.69.1
243706 37 40.9-12 59 066.12 K0
2443ν3806 37 53.4-18 14 154.43 K1-II-III
244706 37 47.6-32 20 235.27 K2III
244806 38 35.4-16 52 256.03 A1V s
245006 39 16.7-14 08 454.82 K2II
245506 39 36.3-23 41 446.05 A0 0.40.1
246006 39 42.7-30 28 135.71 K0III
248106 42 45.8-22 26 576.13 F0 2.118.2
2491α906 45 08.9-16 42 58-1.46 A1Vm 10.311.2
24921006 44 28.4-31 04 145.20 B2IIIe v5.436.3
249306 44 51.9-27 20 296.45 G2V
249506 45 23.3-23 27 436.05 K0
249706 45 02.4-30 35 106.54 B8IV 3.94.4
249806 45 59.3-14 47 465.32 A2V
250006 45 22.8-31 47 375.92 F6V
250106 45 31.3-30 56 565.80 B2III e2.34.9
25041106 46 51.1-14 25 335.29 B9III
25091206 47 01.5-21 00 566.08 B7IIIn
252206 48 57.8-15 08 415.39 B6V 2.70.7
252806 49 44.0-24 04 336.33 A1 1.31.6
253506 50 21.9-17 05 025.79 K0
253706 50 06.0-27 20 027.04 B2IV
2538κ1306 49 50.5-32 30 313.96 B1.5IVne v
254406 50 36.9-25 46 416.33 B2V
254506 50 23.3-31 42 225.70 B6Vnpe v2.142.9
256506 53 18.8-19 01 585.64 F1V
256606 53 21.7-18 56 006.14 A5m
256706 53 00.1-26 57 276.40 M4III 7.511.9
25711506 53 32.9-20 13 274.83 B1IV
2574θ1406 54 11.4-12 02 194.07 K4III
257606 53 33.9-28 32 236.04 G5IV
257806 53 55.3-24 32 216.21 A1
2580ο11606 54 07.9-24 11 023.87 K2+Iab
258306 54 13.0-23 55 426.91 WN5-B v
25881706 55 02.7-20 24 175.74 A3IV 3.250.5
2590π1906 55 37.4-20 08 114.68 gF2 5.011.6
2593μ1806 56 06.6-14 02 375.00 G5III+A2 2.52.8
259506 55 46.8-22 56 295.30 B3II-III
2596ι2006 56 08.2-17 03 154.37 B3II
259806 55 54.8-31 47 246.36 B3V 7.618.8
260306 57 14.8-22 12 126.61 B1-2III:
260706 57 33.9-24 37 505.46 dF0 1.31.1
261106 57 42.4-27 32 156.23 B2.5V
261406 58 07.6-27 09 536.37 B2.5III 0.40.2
261606 58 35.9-25 24 505.59 B3V 7.010.2
2618ε2106 58 37.5-28 58 201.50 B2II 6.47.5
262106 58 43.8-30 59 526.42 B3V 2.635.0
262306 59 39.3-21 36 126.26 B2-3IV-V:
262507 00 08.1-20 09 326.31 B4III
262807 00 19.3-22 07 106.53 B2IV-Vne 0.00.1
263707 00 42.6-28 29 226.27 F5V
264007 01 05.9-25 12 555.63 B2V
2646σ2207 01 43.1-27 56 053.47 K7Ib e10.510.0
2653ο22407 03 01.5-23 50 003.02 B3Iab v
2657γ2307 03 45.5-15 38 004.12 B8II
266407 04 47.1-22 01 566.09 K0
267807 06 40.7-11 17 395.39 B0.5IV 1.30.5
267907 06 35.9-12 23 386.48 O7.5V
268007 06 00.6-30 39 206.34 B3V
268607 06 52.3-24 57 386.08 K2
268807 07 00.1-26 39 286.62 B2IV-V
269007 07 22.6-23 50 255.71 B2IVe v
2693δ2507 08 23.5-26 23 361.84 F8Ia
269507 08 49.3-24 02 396.65 B2V
269907 09 33.2-16 14 056.03 B1II 5.332.5
270407 09 42.9-25 13 525.69 B2.5IV 6.99.2
270507 10 09.3-18 41 076.23 F0 5.00.8
270807 10 19.4-27 29 295.46 G8III
271607 11 41.6-20 52 595.84 A0V
27182607 12 12.2-25 56 335.92 B2V
272007 12 04.1-30 49 186.10 A8V
272307 13 07.2-11 15 055.78 K0
272407 12 24.1-27 28 276.59 A5IV-V
273007 13 23.9-22 40 246.01 K2III
273307 13 48.3-22 54 236.36 B2IV+G5IV 1.819.7
273407 13 36.3-27 21 236.12 B0.5V
274107 13 47.1-31 05 026.60 B2IV
274307 13 57.2-30 20 246.33 B2IV-V
27452707 14 15.2-26 21 094.66 B3IIIe 0.00.1
2749ω2807 14 48.7-26 46 223.85 B2IV-Ve v
275007 14 51.1-27 02 175.58 K4III
275507 15 47.5-23 44 266.32 R A0
275607 15 21.0-30 41 115.36 B3V
275807 16 14.5-15 35 095.46 A2Vnp
276407 16 36.8-23 18 564.79 K3Ib-II 1.226.8
276607 16 35.0-27 52 524.64 M3III
276807 16 57.2-30 53 486.32 A9II 1.737.9
277407 17 47.9-26 47 516.46 B2IV-V
27812907 18 40.3-24 33 324.98 O7Ia:fp v
2782τ3007 18 42.4-24 57 154.40 O9Ib 0.00.2
278507 19 02.0-19 16 496.09 F0Iab-Ib
278607 18 51.2-26 35 095.28 G2Ib
278807 19 28.1-16 23 425.70 F1V
279607 20 58.2-14 21 365.45 gG5
279907 20 53.2-22 51 066.61 B2.5V
280007 20 55.0-26 57 496.01 B2.5V 7.28.2
280207 21 04.3-25 53 295.87 M4III
281207 22 13.5-19 01 004.96 B7IV
281907 23 00.6-31 55 265.43 B5IIIn e
282207 23 29.1-27 50 035.38 K2III
282307 23 31.9-32 12 085.39 B3III-IV
282407 23 54.3-30 13 016.60 B2IV-V
282507 24 40.1-16 12 045.33 B2.5IVe v
282607 24 17.2-22 54 466.19 B8
2827η3107 24 05.7-29 18 112.45 B5Ia 4.5178.7
283107 24 50.7-19 00 446.24 A2Ib 4.92.7
283207 25 08.3-13 45 075.78 F0V
283407 24 43.8-31 48 325.35 G8II 2.199.2
283907 25 19.9-21 58 586.05 A8I-II: 7.42.4
284107 25 25.3-25 13 045.78 B7III
284707 25 43.0-31 44 196.31 B2V
285007 26 40.7-23 42 446.56 A1
285307 27 08.0-17 51 525.63 A5n 5.31.6
285507 26 59.4-23 05 105.61 B0IV:pe
285907 27 51.7-11 33 255.79 G8Ib-II+B2+B8V 2.00.9

Revised+Historic NGC/IC, Version 22/9, © Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke [277]
Planetary Nebulae
NameRADecTypebMagvMagDimDreyer DescriptionIdentification, Remarks
IC 216506 21 42.7-12 59 12PN12.910.50.47Planetary, stellarPK 221-12.1, CS=13.7
Galactic Nebulae
NameRADecTypebMagvMagDimDreyer DescriptionIdentification, Remarks
NGC 229606 48 39.0-16 54 04RN13.03 × 2.4vF, vS, RIC 452, MCG -3-18-3, IRAS 06464-1650, CGMW 1-397, Molecular cloud
NGC 232707 04 07.2-11 18 51RN1 × 1pB ** inv in S, vF, nebCED 89B
NGC 235907 18 30.0-13 15 50EN11.56 × 4!!, vF, vvL, viFLBN 1041
NGC 236107 18 23.7-13 12 32ENvvF, vSpart of N 2359
Open Clusters
NameRADecTypebMagvMagDimDreyer DescriptionIdentification, Remarks
NGC 220406 15 33.0-18 39 54III3m8.610Cl, L, pRi, lCOCL 572, ESO 556-SC7
NGC 224306 29 34.4-31 16 53I2r9.48.3pB, cL, R, vglbM, 4'OCL 644, ESO 426-SC16
NGC 228706 46 00.0-20 45 24II3m4.539Cl, vL, B, lC, st 8…M 41, OCL 597, ESO 557-SC14
NGC 231806 59 27.0-13 41 52OCLCl, L, sc, st 8…9*Grp ?
NGC 234507 08 18.7-13 11 37I3m7.712Cl, pL, pRi, gbM, st 10…14OCL 575
NGC 235407 14 10.0-25 41 24III2m6.518Cl, cRi, lCOCL 639, ESO 492-SC6
NGC 235807 16 56.3-17 07 00OCL8Cl, P, lC
NGC 236007 17 43.1-15 38 29II2m7.214Cl, vL, Ri, pC, st 9…12OCL 589
NGC 236207 18 41.4-24 57 15I3p3.86Cl, pL, Ri (30 Can maj)OCL 633, ESO 492-SC9
NGC 236707 20 06.0-21 52 54IV3p7.95Cl, S, P, lCOCL 621, ESO 559-SC5
NGC 237407 23 56.0-13 15 48II3p8.012Cl, vL, pRi, lC, st LOCL 585
NGC 238307 24 39.9-20 56 51I3m8.45Cl, pS, pmC, st 12OCL 616, ESO 559-SC8, near N 2384
NGC 238407 25 10.0-21 01 18IV3p7.45Cl, lC, bifid, **OCL 618, ESO 559-SC9, near N 2383
Galaxies
NameRADecTypebMagvMagDimDreyer DescriptionIdentification, Remarks
NGC 220606 15 59.7-26 45 55SBbc12.912.22.4 × 1.3F, pS, vlE, pslbMESO 489-26, MCG -4-15-19, UGCA 123, AM 0614-264, IRAS 06140-2644
NGC 220706 16 21.8-21 22 22SBbc/P11.710.93.9 × 2.2pB, pL, mE 87°, pslbMRNESO 556-8, MCG -4-15-20, UGCA 124, IRAS 06142-2121
NGC 221106 18 30.2-18 32 16SB013.712.71.4 × 0.7vF, pS, E 45°, bMNESO 556-13, MCG -3-16-21
NGC 221206 18 35.7-18 31 12SB0-a14.313.41.5 × 0.8eF, vS, R, in field with lastESO 556-14, MCG -3-16-22
NGC 221606 21 30.7-22 05 14SBab13.612.81.4 × 1.1vF, pL, R, vglbMESO 556-17, MCG -4-15-27, IRAS 06194-2203
NGC 221706 21 39.8-27 14 03SB0-a11.710.74.7 × 4.3vB, S, R, psmbM, rESO 489-42, MCG -5-15-10, AM 0619-271, IRAS 06196-2712
NGC 222306 24 35.8-22 50 19SBb12.311.53 × 2.6F, pL, R, vglbM, 2 st invESO 489-49, MCG -4-16-2, UGCA 129, AM 0622-224, IRAS 06224-2248
NGC 222706 25 57.9-22 00 17SBc13.212.52.1 × 1.2eF, R, ** p 270°, 90"ESO 556-23, MCG -4-16-4, IRAS 06238-2158
NGC 226306 38 28.8-24 50 55SBab12.711.92.6 × 2pF, lE, bet 2 vS st, pslbMESO 490-19, MCG -4-16-14, IRAS 06364-2448
NGC 226706 40 51.7-32 28 56SB013.512.51.7 × 1.3pB, S, R, 2 or 3 st v nrESO 426-29, MCG -5-16-15, AM 0638-322
NGC 227106 42 52.9-23 28 33E/SB013.112.12.1 × 1.4pF, S, R, gbM, am stESO 490-34, MCG -4-16-17
NGC 227206 42 41.2-27 27 35E/SB012.511.52.4 × 1.6pF, pS, vlE, bM, rESO 490-33, MCG -5-16-17
NGC 228006 44 48.9-27 38 20Sc10.910.36.3 × 3pF, pL, lE, gbMESO 427-2, MCG -5-16-20, UGCA 131, AM 0642-273, IRAS 06428-2735
NGC 228306 45 52.6-18 12 37SBc12.211.53.6 × 2.73 or 4 S st + nebESO 557-13, MCG -3-18-2, IRAS 06436-1809, CGMW 1-369
NGC 229206 47 39.4-26 44 47SB012.011.04 × 3.5eF, R, gbM, D neb, am stESO 490-48, MCG -4-16-22, VV 178, AM 0645-264, CGMW 2-41
NGC 229306 47 42.8-26 45 17SB0-a12.311.24 × 3.2pB, R, gbM, D neb, am stESO 490-49, MCG -4-16-23, VV 178, AM 0645-264, CGMW 2-42
NGC 229506 47 23.2-26 44 10Sab13.312.52.1 × 0.6eF, S, R, bet st, D neb pESO 490-47, MCG -4-16-21, VV 178, CGMW 2-34
NGC 232507 02 40.2-28 41 52E412.311.33 × 1.5pB, pL, lE, gbMESO 427-28, MCG -5-17-5
NGC 238207 23 54.5-27 31 43SB012.311.22.1 × 2pF, S, R, bMNGC 2380, ESO 492-12, MCG -5-18-5, CGMW 2-842
IC 45607 00 17.4-30 09 47SB012.911.92.1 × 1.3vF, pS, R, B st nf and npESO 427-24, MCG -5-17-2
IC 216306 16 28.0-21 22 35SBc12.411.73 × 1.2eF, pS,h 3032 p 7sESO 556-9, MCG -4-15-21, UGCA 125

«Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae» Acker et al., 1992 [141]
PNGRA
(J2000.0)
Dec
(J2000.0)
Main IDPKIRASDiscovererIdentitiesoDiam
["]
rDiam
["]
Dist
[kpc]
Rvel
[km/s]
ExpVel
[km/s]
C Star NameC Star MagC Star SP Type
PN G221.3-12.306h 21m 43s-12° 59' 10"IC 2165221-12.106194-1257FLEMING 1898ARO 62, Sa 2- 1, VV 27, VV'43 9. 2.0 +53.9 ± 2.3 20.0 (O-III)AG82 62V: 17.9
PN G226.4-03.707h 02m 47s-13° 42' 50"PB 1226-03.107004-1338PEIMBERT et al 1960ARO 225, Sa 2- 2< 10. B: 16.7, V: 16.2
PN G229.6-02.707h 12m 35s-16° 05' 43"K 1-10229-02.1KOHOUTEK 1963ARO 230 62. AG82 76B: >21.
PN G232.4-01.807h 21m 15s-18° 08' 36"M 1-13232-01.107190-1802MINKOWSKI 1946ESO 559-06, ARO 23, Sa 2- 7, VV 36, VV' 59 10. +46.0 ± 25.0
PN G232.8-04.707h 11m 17s-19° 51' 03"M 1-11232-04.107090-1946MINKOWSKI 1946ARO 229, ESO 558-14, SaSt 2- 1, VV 34, VV' 55 0. 2.2 +28.9 ± 16.2AG82 75B: 14.76, V: 13.95
PN G233.0-10.106h 50m 41s-22° 26' 09"SaWe 1SAURER et al 1987 55.
PN G233.5-16.306h 27m 02s-25° 22' 55"A 15233-16.106249-2520ABELL 1964ARO 221, ESO 490-01 34. +35.0 ± 3.0AG82 64, CSI -25-06250, UBV 6450B: 15.89, V: 16.16sd Op, ;O(H)
PN G234.3-06.607h 06m 57s-22° 02' 14"K 2- 3234-06.1KOHOUTEK 1963ARO 227, ESO 558-11 63. +65.2 ± 8.0AG82 73B: >21.
PN G234.9-01.407h 27m 57s-20° 13' 23"M 1-14235-01.107257-2007MINKOWSKI 1946ARO 237, ESO 559-11, Sa 2- 9, VV 39, VV' 64 0. 4.7 +131.0 ± 25.0B: 14.65, V: 14.18
PN G235.3-03.907h 19m 21s-21° 43' 55"M 1-12235-03.107172-2138MINKOWSKI 1946ARO 233, ESO 559-03, SaSt 2- 2, VV 35, VV' 58 0. 1.8 B: 14.44, V: 14.08
PN G236.0-10.606h 54m 29s-25° 21' 12"HaWe 9HARTL et al 1983 148. B: 19.8
PN G239.6-12.006h 55m 12s-29° 07' 28"ESO 427-19239-12.1HOLMBERG et al 1978 24. AG82 69bisB: 19.
PN G240.3-07.607h 14m 50s-27° 50' 18"M 3- 2240-07.1MINKOWSKI 1948ARO 231, ESO 428-05, He 2- 2, Sa 3- 2, VV' 56 7.6 +84.0 ± 11.0V: 21.1
PN G242.6-11.607h 02m 50s-31° 35' 41"M 3- 1242-11.107009-3131MINKOWSKI 1948ARO 534, ESO 427- 30, He 2- 1, Sa 2-3, StWr 3- 1, VV' 52, Wray 16- 1 11.2 11. +69.5 ± 14.7AG82 71B: 15.38, V: 15.55

References

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141Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae; A. Acker, F. Ochsenbein, B. Stenholm, R. Tylenda, J. Marcout, C. Schohn; European Southern Observatory; ISBN 3-923524-41-2 (1992); Bibcode:1992secg.book.....A
150IAU: The Constellations, 11. Oktober 2020; iau.org/public/themes/constellations
154Yale Bright Star Catalog, 15. Oktober 2020; tdc-www.harvard.edu/catalogs/bsc5.html
277«Historische Deep-Sky Kataloge» von Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke; klima-luft.de/steinicke (2021-02-17)