Sternbild Telescopium (Fernrohr)

Telescopium
Telescopium: IAU Sternbildkarte [150]

Eigenschaften

Wie die meisten von Lacailles "Neuschöpfungen" am Südhimmel ist auch dieses Sternbild klein und unscheinbar. Es liegt südlich von Sagittarius und Corona Australis. Die Fläche des Sternbilds beträgt 252 Quadratgrad und das Zentrum kulminiert jeweils etwa am 6. Juli um Mitternacht. [9, 15]

Daten für das Sternbild Telescopium [150]
IAU NameTelescopium
IAU GenitivTelescopii
IAU KürzelTel
Deutscher NameFernrohr
Saison (47° N)Nicht sichtbar
Rektaszension18h 09m 14s … 20h 29m 50s
Deklination-56° 59' 02" … -45° 05' 24"
Fläche252 deg2
Nachbarn (N↻)Sgr, CrA, Ara, Pav, Ind, Mic

Geschichte

Das Sternbild wurde 1752 von dem Franzosen Lacaille unter dem ursprünglichen Namen Tubus Astronomicus zu Ehren des wichtigsten astronomischen Beobachtungsinstrumentes eingeführt. Im Sternatlas Uranometria Sive Astrorum Descriptio, den Johann Ehlert Bode zu Beginn des abgelaufenen Jahrhunderts zeichnete und herausgab, ist das Sternbild Telescopium realistisch eingezeichnet. [7, 21]

Kataloge

Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) [154]
HR B F RA [hms] Dec [dms] vMag spType dMag Sep ["]
677818 11 04.5-47 30 476.07 K1IIICNII 5.41.7
6783ε18 11 13.8-45 57 164.53 K0III 8.421.2
681918 17 07.5-56 01 245.33 B3IIIep v
682118 17 00.9-51 04 066.06 B9V
689418 26 53.9-48 07 015.46 K0-1III+F-G
6897α18 26 58.4-45 58 063.51 B3IV
6905ζ18 28 49.9-49 04 154.13 G8-K0III
692218 29 55.8-47 13 135.70 K2III
6934δ118 31 45.4-45 54 544.96 B6IV
6938δ218 32 02.0-45 45 265.07 B3III
695418 34 31.2-52 53 316.22 K2III
698618 39 14.3-47 54 355.86 A7IV-V
700518 41 30.6-48 05 426.49 K2III-IVCNII
703718 46 59.1-50 05 406.54 F0V
706518 49 27.4-45 48 375.81 G8III
7087κ18 52 39.6-52 06 275.17 G8-K0III
709218 52 27.1-46 35 435.54 M0III
709318 53 12.1-51 55 526.31 B4III
709518 53 02.5-48 21 366.19 A2V
709718 52 59.6-46 35 096.19 A1IV-V
710818 54 32.3-49 52 436.60 A2V
7134λ18 58 27.7-52 56 194.87 A0V
719019 03 57.4-51 01 075.93 K0-1III 6.522.0
7213ρ19 06 19.9-52 20 275.16 F7V
722319 06 55.6-48 17 575.97 A0V
723319 08 52.1-55 43 136.49 K1III
727119 12 46.1-50 29 116.13 G8III 5.37.
728919 16 21.7-45 27 595.40 K3III
729719 18 09.4-53 23 126.38 F7V
7329η19 22 51.1-54 25 255.05 A0Vn
737019 27 48.1-54 19 315.69 K4III 2.772.9
738819 29 52.6-55 26 296.13 K0-1III
7393μ19 30 34.5-55 06 366.30 F5V
741119 32 53.8-53 11 095.75 FmDel Del
741619 33 21.6-45 16 195.61 ApCrEuSr
7424ι19 35 13.0-48 05 574.90 K0III
745919 40 18.3-54 25 036.26 K0III
746119 39 42.0-45 16 416.25 F2IV
7510ν19 48 01.2-56 21 455.35 A7III-IV
752119 48 55.1-52 53 176.25 K1III
753719 50 13.8-47 33 265.94 M1III
754819 52 37.6-54 58 165.74 G8-K0III 0.722.9
754919 52 39.0-54 58 366.50 A2V 0.722.9
762120 00 25.3-49 21 046.17 K0III
7673ξ20 07 23.2-52 52 514.94 M1IIab
767420 07 35.1-55 00 596.26 F8V
771420 14 19.0-52 26 445.65 K4III
774520 18 56.0-47 42 396.31 M1III
774920 19 17.9-47 34 496.13 F5V
775820 20 32.3-55 03 036.27 M0-1III
776620 21 41.0-49 59 586.27 G0V

Revised+Historic NGC/IC, Version 22/9, © Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke [277]
Planetarische Nebel
NameRADecTypbMagvMagDimDreyer BeschreibungIdentifikation, Anmerkungen
IC 469918 18 32.0-45 59 00PN11.913.00.23Planetary, stellarPK 348-13.1, ESO 280-PN8
Kugelsternhaufen
NameRADecTypbMagvMagDimDreyer BeschreibungIdentifikation, Anmerkungen
NGC 658418 18 37.7-52 12 52VIII7.96.6globular, cB, cL, R, gmbM, rrr, st 15GCL 92, ESO 229-SC14
Galaxien
NameRADecTypbMagvMagDimDreyer BeschreibungIdentifikation, Anmerkungen
NGC 670718 55 21.9-53 49 09SBc13.312.62.1 × 1F, S, vlE, gbMESO 183-25, AM 1851-535, IRAS 18512-5352
NGC 670818 55 35.6-53 43 24Sb12.812.01.2 × 0.9pF, S, R, gpmbM, last of grESO 183-27, AM 1851-534, IRAS 18515-5347
NGC 672519 01 56.4-53 51 51S012.211.32.2 × 0.5eF, pL, RESO 183-36, AM 1857-535
NGC 675419 11 25.0-50 38 31SBb12.912.11.8 × 0.9pF, pL, mE 63°, vglbMESO 231-25, AM 1907-504, IRAS 19075-5043
NGC 6754 A19 08 44.0-51 02 47Sb14.313.51.7 × 0.3pF, pL, mE 63°, vglbMESO 231-23, IRAS 19048-5107
NGC 675819 13 52.5-56 18 34E312.711.62.3 × 1.7pB, S, RESO 184-37, AM 1909-562
NGC 676119 15 04.7-50 39 25SBab14.313.41.6 × 1.2vF, pS, iRESO 231-28, FAIR 858, IRAS 19113-5044
NGC 678019 22 50.8-55 46 33SBc13.312.61.9 × 1.6vF, L, R, vglbMESO 184-62, AM 1918-555, IRAS 19187-5552
NGC 678819 26 49.7-54 57 02Sab12.711.92.9 × 0.9pB, S, mE, pslbMESO 184-67, AM 1922-550, IRAS 19227-5503
NGC 679919 32 16.7-55 54 28E-S013.412.41.6 × 1.2eF, vS, R, lbM, 3 vS st nrESO 184-78
NGC 681219 45 23.9-55 20 49S013.512.51.1 × 0.6pB, pS, pmE, glbMESO 185-15, AM 1941-552
NGC 684520 00 58.0-47 04 12SBb13.713.02.3 × 1vF, S, vlE, glbMNGC 6845A, ESO 284-8, AM 1957-471, IRAS 19573-4712
NGC 6845 B20 01 05.1-47 03 34SBb14.913.91.1 × 0.6vF, S, vlE, glbMESO 284-8C
NGC 6845 C20 00 56.8-47 05 03S016.315.40.6 × 0.2vF, S, vlE, glbMESO 284-8A, A 1957-47A
NGC 6845 D20 00 53.7-47 05 41S0-a15.514.80.7 × 0.2vF, S, vlE, glbMESO 284-8B, A 1957-47B
NGC 684820 02 46.9-56 05 25Sa12.512.12.4 × 1cF, cL, R, vglbM, 2 st fESO 185-52, AM 1958-561, IRAS 19588-5613
NGC 685020 03 29.8-54 50 43SB0-a13.412.52.1 × 1.1vF, S, R, bMESO 185-56, AM 1959-545, IRAS 19595-5459
NGC 685120 03 34.3-48 17 04E312.711.82 × 1.5pF, S, vlE, psbMESO 233-21
NGC 6851 A20 05 48.9-47 58 37Sbc14.914.11.3 × 0.6pF, S, vlE, psbMESO 233-25, AM 2002-480
NGC 6851 B20 05 39.9-47 58 45SBcd16.015.31.1 × 0.2pF, S, vlE, psbMESO 233-23, FGCE 1429
NGC 685420 05 38.6-54 22 30E/SB013.212.22 × 1.3F, S, vlE, glbMESO 185-61, AM 2001-543
NGC 685520 06 49.7-56 23 23SB0-a13.812.91.5 × 1.3pF, S, RESO 185-63, AM 2002-563
NGC 686120 07 19.4-48 22 10E-S012.111.13 × 2B, S, cE, gpmbMIC 4949, ESO 233-32, AM 2006-483, IRAS 20037-4830
NGC 6861 B20 06 05.5-48 28 28S015.114.11.2 × 0.3B, S, cE, gpmbMESO 233-26
NGC 6861 C20 06 41.3-48 38 57S015.114.11.2 × 0.5B, S, cE, gpmbMESO 233-31
NGC 6861 D20 08 19.3-48 12 43E-S013.412.42.1 × 0.7B, S, cE, gpmbMESO 233-34
NGC 6861 E20 11 01.4-48 41 26Sab15.114.31.4 × 0.3B, S, cE, gpmbMESO 233-42
NGC 6861 F20 11 11.7-48 16 32SBd15.314.71.6 × 0.3B, S, cE, gpmbMESO 233-43
NGC 686220 08 54.5-56 23 30SBbc13.412.71.6 × 1.3F, S, lE, glbMESO 186-2, IRAS 20049-5632
NGC 686720 10 30.0-54 47 03SBbc13.913.12 × 0.7eeF, L, pmEESO 186-6, AM 2006-545, IRAS 20065-5455
NGC 686820 09 54.0-48 22 48E211.710.73.6 × 2.8vB, S, R, pgvmbMESO 233-39, AM 2006-483
NGC 687020 10 10.4-48 17 12Sab13.212.32.6 × 1.3cF, cS, E 90°, gbMESO 233-41, AM 2006-483, IRAS 20065-4826
NGC 687520 13 12.3-46 09 41E/SB013.012.12.4 × 1.4F, vS, R, vgmbM, * 7 nfESO 284-28, AM 2009-461, IRAS 20096-4618
NGC 6875 A20 11 55.9-46 08 35SBbc14.013.22.7 × 0.4F, vS, R, vgmbM, * 7 nfESO 284-24, IRAS 20084-4617
NGC 688720 17 17.0-52 47 50Sbc12.812.13.2 × 1.3pF, cL, pmE, glbMESO 186-27, AM 2013-525, IRAS 20135-5257
NGC 688920 18 53.3-53 57 24SBbc13.712.90.9 × 0.7vF, L, lEESO 186-29, IRAS 20151-5406
NGC 689320 20 49.6-48 14 22SB012.811.82.6 × 1.7pF, S, R, svbM * 12ESO 234-6, FAIR 537, AM 2017-482, IRAS 20172-4824
NGC 689920 24 22.3-50 26 01SBbc13.412.81.7 × 1F, S, R, glbM, am stESO 234-22, FAIR 896, IRAS 20207-5035
NGC 690920 27 38.8-47 01 38E512.611.72.2 × 1.1pB, pL, gbM, 2 st 10 nrESO 285-12, AM 2024-471
IC 467918 11 24.2-56 15 13SBc13.813.12.2 × 0.9cF, S, R, vmbM, suspESO 182-5, IRAS 18071-5615
IC 470918 24 19.4-56 22 07Sab14.413.61.1 × 0.6eF, vS, vE 0°, stell N, suspESO 182-14, IRAS 18200-5623
IC 471918 33 11.7-56 43 58Sd13.613.01.4 × 1eF, vS, 2 patches, suspESO 183-2, IRAS 18289-5646
IC 476118 43 55.5-52 51 12SBbc13.913.11.6 × 1.3vF, bM, doubtfulESO 183-10, AM 1839-525
IC 477718 48 11.1-53 08 49SB0-a14.613.70.9 × 0.7vF, planet., lEESO 183-13, FAIR 334
IC 478218 50 54.4-55 29 28Sc14.714.01.4 × 0.2eeF, eS, suspESO 183-18, AM 1846-553
IC 478618 52 44.8-56 41 42Sc15.915.10.8 × 0.2eeF, eS, mE 0°ESO 183-24
IC 479218 55 42.0-56 24 14Sa?15.014.11.2 × 0.3eeF, eS, mE 160°, bet 2 st, suspESO 183-26, IRAS 18514-5628, SAO 245809 (6.8) 1' s
IC 479618 56 27.9-54 12 48SB013.212.31.6 × 114 magn, bM, near edge of plateESO 183-28, AM 1852-542
IC 479718 56 29.8-54 18 17E512.311.32.1 × 1.114 magn, bM, near edge of plateESO 183-29, AM 1852-542
IC 481019 03 00.1-56 09 37SBcd13.112.63.5 × 0.4eF, S, eE 140°, lbM, suspESO 184-2, FGCE 1342
IC 481719 06 12.6-56 09 33SBbc14.413.61.6 × 0.5eF, vS, cE 0°ESO 184-10, AM 1902-561
IC 481819 06 02.9-55 08 10SB0-a15.214.31.5 × 0.3eF, eS, cE 90°ESO 184-9
IC 482119 09 32.2-55 00 59Sc13.612.91.8 × 0.7vF, vS, eE 10°ESO 184-17, IRAS 19054-5505
IC 482919 12 33.7-56 32 24Sb14.613.81.9 × 0.4eeF, eS, mE 20°ESO 184-31
IC 483219 14 03.9-56 36 35Sab13.712.72.2 × 0.5vF, vS, eE 145°, stell NESO 184-39, IRAS 19098-5641
IC 483719 15 14.2-54 39 43SBc/P13.012.52.1 × 1F, cS, R, bMESO 184-46, AM 1911-544, IRAS 19112-5444
IC 4837 A19 15 15.9-54 07 59Sb12.611.84.1 × 0.7F, cS, R, bMESO 184-47, FAIR 859, AM 1911-541, IRAS 19112-5413
IC 483919 15 33.9-54 37 35SBbc/P13.112.32.2 × 1.6F, neb *ESO 184-48, AM 1911-544, IRAS 19114-5443
IC 484019 15 51.8-56 12 31SB0-a14.313.71.1 × 0.7cF, vSESO 184-49, IRAS 19116-5617
IC 484419 19 02.7-56 01 37SBb13.913.11.4 × 1vF, vSESO 184-54
IC 485619 27 30.5-54 54 31IBm14.313.71.3 × 0.6eF, eS, D neb, suspESO 184-69
IC 487319 34 54.6-46 08 10Sbc15.014.21.2 × 0.8F, S, R, F * MESO 283-8, IRAS 19313-4614
IC 487419 36 21.4-47 15 57Sbc14.713.91.2 × 0.7F, S, R, F * MESO 283-11
IC 487519 37 38.7-52 04 31Im/P14.413.80.7 × 0.4F, S, R, lbMESO 232-12
IC 487619 37 42.5-52 50 35SBc14.313.61.3 × 0.9F, S, R, lbMESO 185-4, AM 1933-525, IRAS 19338-5257
IC 487719 37 55.8-51 59 29SB014.713.71.3 × 0.2F, S, R, lbMESO 232-14, IRAS 19341-5206
IC 487919 39 36.8-52 22 08Sa?14.413.50.9 × 0.4F, S, R, lbMESO 232-16, AM 1935-522, IRAS 19357-5229
IC 488019 40 30.8-56 24 35SB0-a14.213.31.7 × 0.4eF, vS, RESO 185-10
IC 488119 40 26.1-55 51 27SBbc14.613.80.9 × 0.5eF, vS, RESO 185-8, IRAS 19363-5558
IC 488219 40 23.3-55 11 47SBb14.213.41 × 0.8eF, eS, RESO 185-9, FAIR 519, IRAS 19363-5518
IC 488319 42 00.6-55 32 43SBb14.413.61.4 × 0.5vF, vS, mE 170°ESO 185-11, IRAS 19379-5539
IC 488619 43 14.5-51 48 26Sb14.013.21.4 × 0.7F, S, R, mbMESO 232-18, AM 1939-515, AM 1941-515, IRAS 19392-5155
IC 488819 44 52.2-54 27 23E-S014.813.81 × 0.7F, vS, R, lbMESO 185-12
IC 489019 45 35.4-56 32 41SBb14.713.91.1 × 0.9eeF, eS, R, F * s 1'ESO 185-16, AM 1941-564
IC 489119 45 15.0-54 20 37E512.111.12.2 × 1.5cB, S, R, bMIC 4889, ESO 185-14, AM 1941-542
IC 489419 46 58.8-51 50 48SBb14.713.90.9 × 0.6bM, magn 15ESO 232-25, AM 1943-515, IRAS 19431-5158
IC 489719 49 19.6-51 52 04SBb15.414.60.8 × 0.5bM, magn 16ESO 233-1
IC 4900 119 50 22.0-51 20 45Sc16.215.40.7 × 0.2bM, magn 15ESO 233-2, AM 1946-512
IC 4900 219 50 23.4-51 20 27S17.016.20.3 × 0.2bM, magn 15ESO 233-2A, AM 1946-512
IC 490219 54 24.1-56 22 46Sc16.115.30.7 × 0.3eeF, eS, cE 0°, suspESO 185-24
IC 490719 56 13.1-52 27 13Sc16.115.30.5 × 0.4bM, magn 16ESO 185-28
IC 490819 56 56.6-55 47 28S?15.014.10.6 × 0.6eF, eS, R, suspESO 185-30, FAIR 522
IC 490919 56 45.4-50 03 19Sbc14.613.80.9 × 0.4bM, magn 15ESO 233-8, FAIR 875
IC 491119 57 41.7-51 59 11S015.714.70.6 × 0.5bM, magn 16ESO 233-9
IC 491419 57 56.5-50 07 52Sc15.915.10.5 × 0.4F, vS, RESO 233-11
IC 491519 58 31.9-52 38 33E-S014.513.51 × 0.7bM, magn 15ESO 185-38, FAIR 876, AM 1954-524
IC 491619 58 19.2-50 16 19Sb14.513.70.7 × 0.5F, S, R, F * MESO 233-13
IC 4917 119 58 54.8-52 16 23S015.314.30.8 × 0.7bM, magn 16ESO 233-15
IC 4917 219 58 48.3-52 16 35S16.015.20.5 × 0.2bM, magn 16AM 1955-522
IC 491819 59 13.2-52 16 30S0?16.115.30.5 × 0.3bM, magn 16ESO 233-16
IC 491920 00 09.1-55 22 26SBd14.914.31.5 × 0.7eeF, eS, R, * f 1', suspESO 185-43, AM 1956-553
IC 492020 00 08.7-53 23 03Sc16.615.80.6 × 0.3vF, vLE, lbMESO 185-44
IC 492320 00 57.2-52 37 55SB014.413.41 × 0.9bM, magn 14ESO 185-45, FAIR 880
IC 492520 01 09.9-52 52 00Sc16.415.60.9 × 0.2F, S, vmE 170°ESO 185-46, FAIR 525
IC 492720 01 49.4-53 55 06Sb15.114.31.2 × 0.4F, S, E 170°ESO 185-48
IC 493220 02 15.5-52 50 48Sa15.514.60.8 × 0.5bM, magn 15ESO 185-49, FAIR 881
IC 493320 03 28.8-54 58 48SBbc12.912.31.9 × 1.7eF, eS, 2 branch spirESO 185-55, FAIR 338, AM 1959-550, IRAS 19595-5507
IC 493720 05 17.4-56 15 22Sb14.613.81.9 × 0.4eF, vS, eE 0°, N, suspESO 185-60, IRAS 20012-5623
IC 494120 06 58.5-53 39 10SBd15.715.10.9 × 0.7F, S, R, lbM, v difESO 185-66, AM 2002-524
IC 494220 06 49.3-52 36 37SBab16.315.50.7 × 0.4F, vS, RESO 185-65, AM 2002-524
IC 494320 06 28.2-48 22 33E213.612.71.4 × 1.1eeF, pS, R, F * n, v difficESO 233-28
IC 494420 07 09.1-54 26 48S0-a14.613.71 × 0.4bM, magn 14ESO 185-67, AM 2006-524, IRAS 20032-5435
IC 494720 07 31.8-53 08 34E315.013.90.8 × 0.6bM, magn 15ESO 185-69, AM 2011-620
IC 495020 08 27.3-56 09 43SBbc15.214.41.3 × 0.4eF, vS, eE 35°, lbMESO 185-70
IC 495220 08 37.6-55 27 12Sa14.013.11.3 × 0.6F, vS, cE 10°ESO 186-1
IC 495620 11 31.1-45 35 35E113.312.41.7 × 1.6vF, pS, RESO 284-23, A 2011-45, IRAS 20079-4544
IC 495720 09 35.7-55 42 32SBab15.314.50.9 × 0.6bM, mag 14ESO 186-3, AM 2005-555, IRAS 20056-5551
IC 496120 11 28.7-53 07 32SBd14.814.21.5 × 0.5F, pS, mE 90°, difESO 186-8
IC 496320 12 05.5-55 14 44Sa14.213.31 × 0.5vF, vS, RESO 186-10, IRAS 20081-5523
IC 496920 12 56.1-53 55 14Sa15.114.20.7 × 0.7F, vS, RESO 186-13
IC 497520 14 02.9-52 43 20SB014.313.31.1 × 1bM, magn 15ESO 186-17, FAIR 535
IC 497820 14 37.8-54 25 18S15.414.60.7 × 0.3bM, magn 15ESO 186-18
IC 497920 14 41.9-53 27 31SBc14.814.11.1 × 0.9vF, S, R, difESO 186-19
IC 498320 16 05.5-52 05 14SBc14.313.61 × 0.9vF, cS, R, lbM, difESO 233-48, AM 2012-521, IRAS 20123-5214
IC 498420 16 17.5-52 42 12Sb15.414.60.9 × 0.5vF, S, R, dif, 6887 fESO 186-23
IC 498620 17 11.4-55 02 09SBd14.213.62 × 0.9eeF, S, cE 0°, bet 2 F stESO 186-26
IC 498720 17 19.3-52 16 46SBc15.214.51 × 0.8F, vS, R, lbMESO 233-52, FAIR 891, AM 2013-522
IC 499420 19 44.3-53 26 49S013.912.90.7 × 0.7bM, magn 15ESO 186-33
IC 499520 19 59.0-52 37 18S014.313.30.9 × 0.6bM, magn 14ESO 186-34, FAIR 341, IRAS 20162-5246
IC 500120 26 20.2-54 46 28SB0-a15.214.31.1 × 0.5bM, magn 15ESO 186-42, AM 2022-545
IC 500220 26 40.0-54 47 57S014.113.11.2 × 0.8bM, magn 13ESO 186-44, AM 2022-545

«Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae» Acker et al., 1992 [141]
PNGRA
(J2000.0)
Dec
(J2000.0)
Main IDPKIRASDiscovererIdentitiesoDiam
["]
rDiam
["]
Dist
[kpc]
Rvel
[km/s]
ExpVel
[km/s]
C Star NameC Star MagC Star SP Type
PN G341.2-24.619h 09m 45s-55° 34' 38"Lo 18LONGMORE 1977 43. AG82 346
PN G348.0-13.818h 18m 31s-45° 59' 03"IC 4699348-13.118148-4600FLEMING 1901ARO 521, ESO 280- 08, He 2- 383, Sa 2-326, StWr 2-36, VV 167, VV' 383, Wray 16- 405 5. -123.7 ± 2.8 10. (O-III)AG82 304, CSI -46 -18148, HD 167672B: 14.82, V: 15.10

Quellenangaben

7«Der grosse Kosmos-Himmelsführer» von Ian Ridpath und Wil Tirion; Kosmos Verlag; ISBN 3-440-05787-9
9«Drehbare Sternkarte SIRIUS» von H. Suter-Haug; Hallwag-Verlag, Bern
15«Hartung's Astronomical Objects for Southern Telescopes» by David Malin and David J. Frew; Melbourne University Press 1995; ISBN 0-522-84553-3
21«Taschenatlas der Sternbilder» von Josef Klepesta und Antonin Rükl; Verlag Werner Dausien; ISBN 3-7684-2384-0
141Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae; A. Acker, F. Ochsenbein, B. Stenholm, R. Tylenda, J. Marcout, C. Schohn; European Southern Observatory; ISBN 3-923524-41-2 (1992); Bibcode:1992secg.book.....A
150IAU: The Constellations, 11. Oktober 2020; iau.org/public/themes/constellations
154Yale Bright Star Catalog, 15. Oktober 2020; tdc-www.harvard.edu/catalogs/bsc5.html
277«Historische Deep-Sky Kataloge» von Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke; klima-luft.de/steinicke (2021-02-17)