Constellation Corona Borealis (Northern Crown)

Properties

The constellation is east of the boat's 'cornet'. It contains an arc of seven stars, open to the north, all of which, with the exception of one, belong to the 4th magnitude; the exception is the main star 2nd magnitude, Gemma, which appears like a special gem. The constellation area is 179 square degrees and the center of the constellation culminates around midnight on May 20th. ^{[9, 15]}

Stars with Proper Names:

α CrB: Alphekka, Alphecca, Alphacca, Gemma, Gnosia, The Jewel, Gnosia Stella Coronae, Ashtaroth
β CrB: Nusakan
?: Blaze Star

Data for constellation Corona Borealis ^[150]
IAU Name	Corona Borealis
IAU Genitive	Coronae Borealis
IAU Abbr.	CrB
English Name	Northern Crown
Season (47° N)	January … September
Right Ascension	15^h 16^m 04^s … 16^h 25^m 07^s
Declination	+25° 32' 17" … +39° 42' 42"
Area	179 deg²
Neighbours (N↻)	Her, Boo, Ser

Mythology and History

Corona Borealis is an ancient constellation that represents the gem-studded tiara that Dionysus bequeathed to Ariadne as a wedding gift and hurled it into the sky after her death. Another interpretation sees in it the crown with which Theseus thanked Ariadne for her rescue operation from the labyrinth. Still others suspected it was a wreath of honor. ^[7]

The natives of Australia call the constellation Woomera and see it as the weapon that we call boomerang. The Indians in the Rio Negro river basin in northern Brazil see an armadillo in Corona Borealis because of the semicircular arrangement that appears to be open at the bottom. ^[20]

Catalogs

Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) ^[154]
HR	B	F	DM	HD	SAO	FK5	IR	M*	ADS	VarID	RA	Dec	vMag	spType	dMag	Sep ["]	Remarks
HR 5702			BD+33 2574	136403	64630						15 19 30.2	+32 30 55	6.32	A2m			SB:3.5773d, K 59.4k/s, V0 -22.2k/s, msin3i 0.492, asini 2.91.
HR 5709	ο	1	BD+30 2647	136512	83768			W		7032	15 20 08.5	+29 36 58	5.51	K0III	3.9	147.3
HR 5727	η	2	BD+30 2653	137107	64673				9617 A	7054	15 23 12.3	+30 17 16	5.58 H	G0V	0.3	0.5	D:AB 5.62 G1V, 5.89 G3V, 41.623y, a = 0.907". B is HR 5728. Colors for combined images. Mag. for blend 4.98V. Masses,D:0.95 and 0.94 solar. C, 13.4v at 58" optical; D, 11v at 215" probably optical.,DYN:0.054".,G:UMa cluster; Sirius group? UMa stream.,SB:ADS 9617A, 41.56y D, K 4.5k/s, V0 -6.0k/s, asini 904.,VAR:Blend of 5727/8, 4.94 - 5.02V. Uncertain which component is the variable.
HR 5728	η	2	BD+30 2653	137108	0				9617 B	7054	15 23 12.3	+30 17 16	6.08 H	G3V	0.3	0.5	D:See HR 5727.,DYN:0.054".,G:UMa stream.,VAR:See HR 5727.
HR 5747	β	3	BD+29 2670	137909	83831	572		W		Bet CrB	15 27 49.7	+29 06 21	3.68	F0p v	1.5	0.3	D:First astrometric binary discovered from parallax measurements, by K. Burns, 1931.,G:Hyades group.,N:Nusakan.,S:Also classified A8IIIpSrCrEu. Extreme oxygen deficiency relative to magnesium. Magnetic field an indicator of stellar,S:rotation. Uranium 3860 but not thorium in spectrum.,SB:10.496y, K 9.2k/s, V0 -18.0k/s, asini 442. The two SB components first resolved visually 1975. Possible secondary RV,SB:period 320.17d. Resolved by speckle interferometry 1986.45, sep. 0.31".,VAR:Alpha CV 3.65 - 3.72V, 18.487d. Magnetic field and rotation same period. Variable H alpha. Amp., light,,VAR:magnetic field, spectrum vary per. 10.5y. Possible secondary light period of 240d.
HR 5760			BD+31 2742	138341	64736						15 30 22.7	+31 17 10	6.46	A4IV
HR 5769			BD+37 2653	138525	64754						15 31 22.4	+36 36 59	6.38	F6III
HR 5778	θ	4	BD+31 2750	138749	64769	576		W		7134/5	15 32 55.8	+31 21 33	4.14	B6Vnne	1.4	0.5	G:Member of the local association (Pleiades group).,RV:Primary probably not variable and velocity probably constant.,VAR:Component A is NSV 7134, 4.12V, amp. 0.7m. However, 1300 UBV observations on 57 nights (1984-6) revealed no variation,VAR:over 0.06 mag. R-I also found at -0.16. Component B, the rarely seen companion, is NSV 7135, 5.5, 7.8v.
HR 5793	α	5	BD+27 2512	139006	83893	578	I			Alp CrB	15 34 41.3	+26 42 53	2.23	A0V+G5V			G:Sirius group; UMa stream.,N:ALPHEKKA; Alphecca; Alphacca; Gemma; Gnosia; The Jewel; Gnosia Stella Coronae; Ashtaroth.,SB:17.3599d, K 35.8k/s, V0 +1.5k/s, asini 7.83; EB, i 88.3d.,VAR:EA 2.21 - 2.32B, 17.359907d. Possibly also intrinsic var.
HR 5800	μ	6	BD+39 2889	139153	64790		I				15 35 15.0	+39 00 36	5.11	M1.5III-IIIb
HR 5808			BD+38 2678	139284	64797						15 35 49.3	+38 22 26	6.42 R	K2
HR 5813			BD+30 2682	139389	64808						15 36 53.4	+29 59 28	6.52	F5V:
HR 5827			BD+35 2711	139761	64825	3238					15 38 48.9	+34 40 30	6.11	K0
HR 5833	ζ¹	7	BD+37 2665	139891	64833				9737 B		15 39 22.2	+36 38 12	6.00 H	B9V	1.0	6.4	D:Binary with HR 5834. Colors for combined light; combined mag., 66V.,DYN:0.010".
HR 5834	ζ²	7	BD+37 2665	139892	64834				9737 A		15 39 22.7	+36 38 09	5.07 H	B7V	1.0	6.4	D:Binary with HR 5833.,DYN:0.010".,SB:ADS 9737A, B6V+B6V, 12.5842d, K 126.1k/s, V0 -14.3k/s, msin3i 9.40, asini 21.8. Both components vsini 100:k/s.
HR 5849	γ	8	BD+26 2722	140436	83958				9757	Gam CrB	15 42 44.6	+26 17 44	3.84	B9IV+A3V	1.5	0.2	D:4.08 A0IV, 5.51 A3V, 91.0y, a = 0.74". Combined mag., color.,DYN:0.018".,G:Hyades group.,SB:ADS 9757A.,VAR:Delta Sct 3.80-3.86V, 0.030d. Mass 1.9 solar. Possibly beat period?
HR 5855	π	9	BD+32 2621	140716	64870	3249					15 43 59.3	+32 30 57	5.56	gG9
HR 5877			BD+32 2631	141456	64915		I				15 48 02.0	+31 44 09	6.44 R	K5
HR 5880			BD+28 2477	141527	84015		I			R CrB	15 48 34.4	+28 09 24	5.85	G0Iep			C:IR excess.,S:Hydrogen deficient carbon star. At minimum, emission of CaII, NaI, ScII, TiII, SrII, and FeII. Spectra at 2 and 10,S:micrometers indicate a thick dust shell either around R CrB or a companion.,VAR:R CB 5.8 - 14.8v. The prototype star, discovered by Pigott in 1795.
HR 5889	δ	10	BD+26 2737	141714	84019	3252	I			Del CrB	15 49 35.7	+26 04 06	4.63	G3.5III-IVFe-1
HR 5901	κ	11	BD+36 2652	142091	64948	1414	I	W			15 51 13.9	+35 39 27	4.82	K1IVa	6.7	134.6
HR 5936	λ	12	BD+38 2712	142908	64974	3259		W			15 55 47.6	+37 56 49	5.45	F0IV	4.5	94.3	S:Also classified A7III.
HR 5947	ε	13	BD+27 2558	143107	84098	593	I		9859		15 57 35.3	+26 52 40	4.15	K2IIIab	7.3	101.4	D:Component B, 12.6v at 2", CPM.,M:Possible X-ray source 3U1555+27.
HR 5957			BD+37 2695	143435	65001		I				15 58 57.7	+36 38 38	5.62	gK5
HR 5958			BD+26 2765	143454	84129		I	W		T CrB	15 59 30.2	+25 55 13	2.00 H	sdBe+gM3+Q		0.2	D:Visual companion doubtful.,N:"Blaze Star.",SB:227.6d, K 24.0k/s, V0 -27.0k/s, msin3i 2.60, asini 75.0.,VAR:Nr 2.0 - 10.8v, 29000d? Outbursts 1866 and 1946. V and B-V for 1946 maximum. Near maximum 9.88V, +1.40(B-V),,VAR:+0.59(U-B).
HR 5968	ρ	15	BD+33 2663	143761	65024			W			16 01 02.7	+33 18 13	5.41	G0+VaFe-1	3.2	89.6	D:Companion optical.
HR 5971	ι	14	BD+30 2738	143807	84152	3264				7396	16 01 26.6	+29 51 04	4.99	A0p:Hg:			G:Pleiades group.,RV:384d?,S:HgMn star. Overabundant mercury.,VAR:Alpha CV?, 4.96 - 5.08V.
HR 5983			BD+37 2708	144208	65049			S			16 03 19.4	+36 37 54	5.83	A2V+F7III			S:Also classified G5II-III + A3.,SB:108.075d, K 19.6k/s, V0 -1.9k/s, msin3i 0.477, asini 29.1. vsini of F7 component =<50k/s; A2 component 23k/s.
HR 6018	τ	16	BD+36 2699	145328	65108	1423	I		9939	7488	16 08 58.3	+36 29 27	4.76	K1-III-IV	8.3	2.2	D:CPM.
HR 6043			BD+33 2696	145802	65129				9958		16 11 39.7	+33 20 33	6.29	K2III	4.3	5.4	D:AB binary. C, 10.5v at 78".
HR 6046			BD+36 2706	145849	65132		I	W			16 11 48.0	+36 25 30	5.63	K3III	0.1	0.1	D:Sep. 0.090".,SB:2150d, K 16.0k/s, V0 -30.6k/s, asini 378. Unresolved by speckle interferometry. Uncertain if visual secondary is,SB:also the SB secondary.
HR 6052			BD+27 2603	145976	84247				9966		16 12 45.3	+26 40 15	6.50	F3V	3.8	2.6
HR 6063	σ	17	BD+34 2750	146361	65165				9979 A	TZ CrB	16 14 40.8	+33 51 31	5.64	G0VCaIIe	1.0	6.4	D:AB 5.58 F8V, 6.59 G1V, 1000.0y, a = 6.599". Radio binary: component B is HR 6064. C, 13v at 9" and D, 10.8v at 71",D:optical. Also, 12.5v at 633" CPM.,DYN:0.048".,SB:ADS 9979A, mag. diff 0.2, one component the Delta Sct var. 1.1398d, K 60.1k/s, V0 -11.9k/s, msin3i 0.133,,SB:asini 0.942. Both components vsini =<25k/s.,VAR:ADS 9979A, Delta Sct, amp. 0.05V, 1.139789d, with possible secondary period of 0.1d. ADS 9979D = NSV 7576, 10.8v,VAR:optical, suspected var. in 1868, not confirmed.
HR 6064	σ	17	BD+34 2750	146362	0				9979 B		16 14 40.8	+33 51 30	6.66 H	G1V	1.0	6.4	D:Binary with HR 6063, q.v.,DYN:0.047".
HR 6068			BD+27 2613	146537	84269						16 15 47.4	+27 25 20	6.14	K2
HR 6074	υ	18	BD+29 2803	146738	84281	3287			9990	7596	16 16 44.8	+29 09 01	5.78	A3V	4.3	123.4	G:Sirius group? UMa stream.
HR 6103	ξ	19	BD+31 2845	147677	65254	3294	I	W			16 22 05.8	+30 53 31	4.85	K0III	7.4	185.1	G:Hyades group.
HR 6107	ν¹	20	BD+34 2773	147749	65257		I	W		7676	16 22 21.4	+33 47 57	5.20	M2IIIab	0.1	364.4
HR 6108	ν²	21	BD+34 2774	147767	65259		I				16 22 29.2	+33 42 13	5.39	K5III
HR 6110			BD+32 2716	147835	65262	1428			10031		16 22 56.5	+32 19 59	6.40	A4Vn	2.9	32.4	D:Visual companion, 9.76V, +0.87(B-V), +0.43, G7IV:.,G:In Ursa cluster?,N:23 Her in CrB.,RV:ADS 10031B, +44k/s, optical.,SB:ADS 10031A.

Revised+Historic NGC/IC, Version 22/9, © Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke ^[277]
Galaxies
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 5924	15 22 02.0	+31 13 57	Sa	15.5	14.6	0.8 × 0.3	Neb , vF, S, F close s	MCG 5-36-15, CGCG 165-43
NGC 5958	15 34 49.1	+28 39 19	Sc	13.4	12.7	1 × 1	pF, pL, iR, bM, r	UGC 9909, MCG 5-37-3, CGCG 166-9, IRAS 15327+2849
NGC 5961	15 35 16.2	+30 51 51	Sb	14.5	14.1	0.8 × 0.3	pF, S, E pf	UGC 9918, MCG 5-37-5, CGCG 166-13, ARAK 478, IRAS 15332+3101
NGC 5974	15 39 02.3	+31 45 35	Sc	14.7	14.2	0.6 × 0.3	vF, vS, R, bM	UGC 9952, MCG 5-37-10, CGCG 166-25, ARAK 482, IRAS 15370+3155
NGC 6001	15 47 45.9	+28 38 30	Sc	14.3	13.6	1 × 1	vF, S, R	UGC 10036, MCG 5-37-27, CGCG 166-58
NGC 6002	15 49 42.0	+28 31 36	S	14.3	13.4	0.7 × 0.3	Neb 100" s of III 371	CGCG 166-62
NGC 6016	15 55 54.9	+26 58 02	SBc	15.0	14.3	1 × 0.5	vF, S, E	UGC 10096, MCG 5-38-1, CGCG 167-4, IRAS 15538+2706
NGC 6038	16 02 40.4	+37 21 34	Sc	14.2	13.5	1.1 × 1.1	vF, S, R, * 10 sf	UGC 10149, MCG 6-35-26, CGCG 195-8, IRAS 16008+3729
NGC 6069	16 07 41.6	+38 55 53	S0	15.3	14.3	0.8 × 0.8	vF * in vF, vS, R neb	MCG 7-33-43, CGCG 223-42
NGC 6076 1	16 11 12.9	+26 52 19	E0	15.0	14.0	0.4 × 0.4	vF, S, E	UGC 10253, MCG 5-38-23, CGCG 167-34, near SAO 84233
NGC 6076 2	16 11 13.7	+26 52 25	E0	15.4	14.4	0.4 × 0.4	vF, S, E	UGC 10253, MCG 5-38-23, CGCG 167-34, near SAO 84233
NGC 6077	16 11 14.0	+26 55 26	E1	14.3	13.3	1.2 × 1.1	F, sbM	UGC 10254, MCG 5-38-24, CGCG 167-35, NPM1G +27.0518, near SAO 84233
NGC 6085	16 12 35.1	+29 21 56	Sa	13.9	13.0	1.5 × 1.2	F, S	UGC 10269, MCG 5-38-34, CGCG 167-44, NPM1G +29.0373
NGC 6086	16 12 35.6	+29 29 06	E3	13.8	12.8	1.7 × 1.2	F, vS, stellar N	UGC 10270, MCG 5-38-35, CGCG 167-45
NGC 6089 1	16 12 40.3	+33 02 07	S0-a	14.7	13.8	0.9 × 0.6	vF, S, R, bM	MCG 6-36-1, CGCG 196-4, CGCG 196-91, KUG 1610+331A
NGC 6089 2	16 12 41.6	+33 02 18	C	15.5	14.5	0.3 × 0.3	vF, S, R, bM	MCG 6-36-1, CGCG 196-4, CGCG 196-91
NGC 6096	16 14 46.6	+26 33 34	Sb	15.1	14.3	0.9 × 0.4	vF, vS, R, bM	MCG 5-38-44, CGCG 167-57, NPM1G +26.0416
NGC 6097	16 14 26.2	+35 06 33	S0-a	14.8	13.9	1.1 × 0.6	Neb * 13 m	MCG 6-36-7, CGCG 196-11
NGC 6102	16 15 36.9	+28 09 32	Sc	14.6	13.9	1.2 × 0.8	vF, S, R	UGC 10300, MCG 5-38-47, CGCG 167-60
NGC 6103	16 15 44.5	+31 57 50	Sbc	14.7	13.9	0.7 × 0.5	vF, S, R, vglbM	UGC 10302, MCG 5-38-49, CGCG 167-62, IRAS 16138+3205
NGC 6104	16 16 30.6	+35 42 27	SBa	14.2	13.3	0.8 × 0.7	vF, S, iR	UGC 10309, MCG 6-36-11, CGCG 196-20, IRAS 16146+3549
NGC 6105	16 17 09.2	+34 52 46	SBa	15.3	14.4	0.6 × 0.4	F, S, R, gvlbM	MCG 6-36-13, CGCG 196-23, NPM1G +35.0367, KUG 1615+350B
NGC 6107	16 17 20.1	+34 54 08	E3	14.9	13.8	1.5 × 1.1	F, vS	UGC 10311, MCG 6-36-14, CGCG 196-24, KUG 1615+350C, near SAO 65201
NGC 6108	16 17 25.5	+35 08 09	SBab	15.2	14.4	1.1 × 1	eF, vS, R, lbM	MCG 6-36-15, CGCG 196-25, KUG 1615+352A
NGC 6109	16 17 40.5	+35 00 15	S0	13.8	12.7	1 × 1	F, S, R, gbM	UGC 10316, MCG 6-36-16, CGCG 196-26, KUG 1615+351C
NGC 6110	16 17 43.9	+35 05 15	Sab	15.6	14.8	0.6 × 0.3	eF, vS, R, gbM	CGCG 196-27, KUG 1615+352C
NGC 6112	16 18 00.5	+35 06 39	E2	15.0	14.0	1 × 0.8	vF, vS, R, bM	MCG 6-36-17, CGCG 196-28, NPM1G +35.0371, KUG 1616+352A
NGC 6114	16 18 23.5	+35 10 28	Sbc	15.1	14.3	1.2 × 0.6	eF, S, R, glbM	MCG 6-36-19, CGCG 196-30, KUG 1616+352B
NGC 6116	16 18 54.5	+35 09 14	Sb	15.1	14.3	2.2 × 0.9	vF, vS, R, gbM	UGC 10336, MCG 6-36-21, CGCG 196-32, KUG 1617+352
NGC 6117	16 19 18.2	+37 05 43	Sc	14.3	13.6	1.2 × 1.2	vF, S, R	NGC 6117A, UGC 10338, MCG 6-36-22, CGCG 196-36, IRAS 16174+3712
NGC 6117 B	16 19 21.6	+37 04 08	Sbc	15.9	15.1	0.6 × 0.3	vF, S, R	MCG 6-36-24, KUG 1617+371
NGC 6119	16 19 42.0	+37 48 24	Sc	16.0	15.3	0.7 × 0.5	vF, eS, R	MCG 6-36-26, CGCG 196-40, KUG 1617+379
NGC 6120	16 19 48.1	+37 46 27	Sd/P	14.5	13.9	1 × 0.7	vF, vS, R, D * nf	UGC 10343, MCG 6-36-29, CGCG 196-41, IRAS 16180+3753, 1ZW 141, KUG 1618+378
NGC 6122	16 20 09.4	+37 47 55	S0	15.6	14.6	0.9 × 0.3	vF, R, no N	MCG 6-36-32, NPM1G +37.0511
NGC 6126	16 21 27.8	+36 22 38	S0	14.6	13.6	1 × 1	F, vS, R, bMSN	UGC 10353, MCG 6-36-35, CGCG 196-46, KUG 1619+364B, 1ZW 144, NPM1G +36.0396
NGC 6129	16 21 43.2	+37 59 47	S0	15.0	14.0	0.8 × 0.8	eF, vS, R, lbM	MCG 6-36-37, CGCG 196-48, NPM1G +38.0362
NGC 6131	16 21 52.3	+38 56 12	SBc	13.8	13.3	1 × 1	vF, pL, iR, dif	NGC 6131A, UGC 10356, MCG 7-34-4, KUG 1620+390A, IRAS 16201+3902, CGCG 224-4
NGC 6131 B	16 22 00.4	+38 54 57	S0	15.5	14.5	0.4 × 0.2	vF, pL, iR, dif	MCG 7-34-5, KUG 1620+390B
NGC 6137	16 23 03.1	+37 55 21	E4	13.4	12.4	1.9 × 1.2	F, S, iR, bM	NGC 6137A, UGC 10364, MCG 6-36-39, CGCG 196-63
NGC 6137 B	16 22 59.6	+37 56 57	S0-a	15.6	14.7	0.5 × 0.5	F, S, iR, bM	MCG 6-36-38, CGCG 196-52
NGC 6142	16 23 21.0	+37 15 30	Sb	14.6	13.8	2 × 0.5	eF, S, bM	UGC 10366, MCG 6-36-41, CGCG 196-56, KUG 1621+373
IC 1138	15 48 15.8	+26 12 22	S0-a	15.4	14.5	0.9 × 0.2	vF, S, iF, lbM, r	UGC 10038, CGCG 136-82
IC 1166 1	16 02 08.9	+26 19 30	S	15.5	14.7	0.4 × 0.2	vF, vS, vF * nf	MK 867, CGCG 137-18, KUG 1600+264, IRAS 16000+2628
IC 1166 2	16 02 09.0	+26 19 45	S	15.5	14.7	0.6 × 0.6	vF, vS, vF * nf	MK 867, CGCG 137-18
IC 1208	16 15 47.8	+36 31 39	S0-a	15.3	14.4	1 × 0.2	vF, * 7 105" n	CGCG 196-16, near SAO 65183
IC 4539	15 18 31.0	+32 23 34	SB?	16.1	15.3	0.4 × 0.4	F, S, R, vlbM	MCG 6-34-3
IC 4546	15 26 58.4	+28 51 07	SBc	15.2	14.5	0.7 × 0.5	F, vS, R, * 13 att	MCG 5-36-31, CGCG 165-57
IC 4547	15 27 15.0	+28 47 22	E-S0	15.3	14.3	0.7 × 0.6	F, S, R, N, r	CGCG 165-58, NPM1G +28.0341
IC 4548	15 27 23.9	+28 51 01	E0	16.6	15.6	0.3 × 0.3	vF, S, iF, r	NPM1G +29.0345
IC 4568	15 40 07.6	+28 09 07	Sb	15.3	14.5	0.6 × 0.3	F, S, R, N	CGCG 166-28
IC 4569	15 40 48.3	+28 17 33	S	14.8	14.0	0.9 × 0.6	pB, D * 13 in S neb	MCG 5-37-13, CGCG 166-32, NPM1G +28.0350
IC 4570	15 41 22.5	+28 13 45	Sc	14.8	14.1	0.9 × 0.8	F, cS, R	UGC 9975, MCG 5-37-14, CGCG 166-35, IRAS 15393+2823
IC 4572	15 41 54.2	+28 08 01	SBa	14.6	13.7	1 × 0.7	pB, cS, gbM, dif, r	MCG 5-37-16, CGCG 166-37
IC 4574	15 41 59.2	+28 14 24	Sa	15.7	14.8	0.3 × 0.1	pF, S, R	CGCG 166-38
IC 4580	15 43 14.3	+28 21 23	SB0-a	15.4	14.5	0.6 × 0.2	F, S, R	CGCG 166-41
IC 4581	15 44 01.4	+28 16 36	SBc	15.1	14.4	0.9 × 0.8	F, S, iF, * 12.5 nr	MCG 5-37-19, CGCG 166-46
IC 4582	15 45 39.4	+28 05 19	SBbc	14.8	14.0	1.3 × 0.3	F, S, E pf, gbM, * 12.5 f 6s.5	UGC 10021, MCG 5-37-20, CGCG 166-52, IRAS 15435+2814
IC 4587	15 59 51.5	+25 56 28	E0	15.3	14.3	0.4 × 0.4	eF, eS, T Coronae sp	CGCG 137-12, NPM1G +26.0412
IC 4590	16 08 21.1	+28 28 43	E+C?	15.7	14.7	0.3 × 0.3	F, S, gbM, dif	MCG 5-38-18, CGCG 167-29, double system ?

7	«Der grosse Kosmos-Himmelsführer» von Ian Ridpath und Wil Tirion; Kosmos Verlag; ISBN 3-440-05787-9
9	«Drehbare Sternkarte SIRIUS» von H. Suter-Haug; Hallwag-Verlag, Bern
15	«Hartung's Astronomical Objects for Southern Telescopes» by David Malin and David J. Frew; Melbourne University Press 1995; ISBN 0-522-84553-3
20	«Sternbilder und ihre Mythen» von Gerhard Fasching; Zweite, verbesserte Auflage; Springer Verlag Wien, New York; ISBN 3-211-82552-5 (Wien); ISBN 0-387-82552-5 (New York)
28	«Uranometria omnium asterismorum continens schemata, nova methodo delineata aereis laminis expressa» Johann Bayer, Augsburg, 1603; DOI:10.3931/e-rara-309
150	IAU: The Constellations, 11. Oktober 2020; iau.org/public/themes/constellations
154	Yale Bright Star Catalog, 15. Oktober 2020; tdc-www.harvard.edu/catalogs/bsc5.html
277	«Historische Deep-Sky Kataloge» von Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke; klima-luft.de/steinicke (2021-02-17)