Constellation Vulpecula (Fox)

Properties

Vulpecula is an inconspicuous constellation on the head of the Cygnus from a few stars of almost 4th magnitude that do not have a distinctive shape. It is south of Cygnus and north of Sagitta and Delphinus. The area of the constellation is 268 square degrees and the center culminates around midnight on 26 July. ^{[9, 15]}

Stars with Proper Names:

α Vul: Anser

Data for constellation Vulpecula ^[150]
IAU Name	Vulpecula
IAU Genitive	Vulpeculae
IAU Abbr.	Vul
English Name	Fox
Season (47° N)	March … December
Right Ascension	18^h 57^m 07^s … 21^h 30^m 39^s
Declination	+19° 23' 54" … +29° 29' 14"
Area	268 deg²
Neighbours (N↻)	Cyg, Lyr, Her, Sge, Del, Peg

Deep-Sky Object Descriptions

Abell 57

Abell 68

Abell 74

Coathanger Cluster
Collinder 399

IC 4954/5

Dumbbell Nebula
Messier 27

History

The Gdansk astronomer Johannes Hevelius had introduced this constellation in 1690 as Vulpecula Cum Anser (little fox and goose), but in the meantime the goose seems to have escaped from the fox. ^[7]

Catalogs

Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) ^[154]
HR	B	F	DM	HD	SAO	FK5	IR	M*	ADS	VarID	RA	Dec	vMag	spType	dMag	Sep ["]	Remarks
HR 7183			BD+22 3549	176541	86675		I				18 59 58.1	+22 48 53	6.29	M3.5IIIab
HR 7206			BD+24 3608	176939	86714						19 01 34.9	+25 01 33	6.72 R	K2
HR 7207			BD+22 3561	176971	86716						19 01 49.5	+22 15 50	6.40 R	A4V
HR 7222			BD+21 3648	177392	86753					LT Vul	19 03 42.5	+21 16 04	6.52	F2III			VAR:Delta Sct 6.58 - 6.62V. Period analyses of new and existing data by Reed and Welch (1988, AJ, 95, 1510) imply radial,VAR:pulsations of 0.099d and 0.060d with no evidence of nonradial pulsations.
HR 7250			BD+24 3640	178187	86817						19 06 38.4	+24 15 03	5.77	A4III
HR 7263			BD+21 3672	178476	86843			S			19 08 03.6	+21 41 56	6.23	F3V		0.2	G:Hyades moving group.
HR 7286			BD+21 3690	179648	86930						19 12 36.7	+21 33 16	5.93 R	A2Vn
HR 7306		1	BD+21 3713	180554	87010	3540			12243	11866	19 16 13.0	+21 23 25	4.77	B4IV	7.1	39.1	SB:249.4d, K 10.9, V0 -25.2, asini 28.72.
HR 7318		2	BD+22 3648	180968	87036				12287	ES Vul	19 17 43.6	+23 01 32	5.43	B0.5IV	4.7	1.8	D:AB binary.,VAR:ADS 12287A, Beta C? 5.4 - 5.46v, 0.6096d.
HR 7358		3	BD+25 3811	182255	87136					11966	19 22 50.9	+26 15 45	5.18	B6III
HR 7364			BD+19 4000	182422	87148						19 23 46.9	+20 15 52	6.40	B9.5V			G:Member of Collinder 399, a loose cluster of only six known members.
HR 7384			BD+19 4009	182761	87186						19 25 22.4	+20 16 17	6.31	A0V			G:Member of Collinder 399. See HR 7364.
HR 7385		4	BD+19 4010	182762	104818		I		12425		19 25 28.6	+19 47 55	5.16	K0III	6.2	18.9	D:Both companions optical.
HR 7386			BD+24 3737	182807	87190			W			19 25 25.8	+24 54 46	6.19	F7V	4.4	40.1	D:Components B-D are 40" to 90" from A. A new component at 0.181" found by speckle interferometry.
HR 7390		5	BD+19 4015	182919	104831						19 26 13.2	+20 05 52	5.63	A0V			G:Member of Collinder 399. See HR 7364.
HR 7391			BD+19 4017	182955	104839	1505	I		12445		19 26 28.7	+19 53 29	5.81	M0III	3.8	152.5	D:Components B, 10.8v at 27"; C, 10.46V, +0.61(B-V), +0.08(U-B), at 73" and P, 14.5v at 26" all optical.,G:Member of Collinder 399. See HR 7364.,S:Also classified K7I, M0.1II, M1III.
HR 7405	α	6	BD+24 3759	183439	87261	1508	I	W		12069	19 28 42.3	+24 39 54	4.44	M0III	1.4	413.7	D:Secondary K0.,G:Arcturus group. Same space motion as Arcturus, HR 5340.,N:Anser (rarely used).
HR 7406		8	BD+24 3761	183491	87267						19 28 57.0	+24 46 07	5.81	K0III
HR 7409		7	BD+19 4039	183537	87269					Var	19 29 20.9	+20 16 47	6.33	B5Vn			VAR:Amp. 0.1B.
HR 7421			BD+26 3573	184010	87314						19 31 21.8	+26 37 02	5.87	K0III-IV
HR 7437		9	BD+19 4063	184606	104990				12622	12173	19 34 34.9	+19 46 24	5.00	B8IIIn	7.8	108.3
HR 7452			BD+22 3741	184961	87426	3564				12199	19 36 08.3	+22 35 09	6.32	B9pSi:Cr:			S:Silicon star.
HR 7458			BD+20 4200	185059	87447					U Vul	19 36 37.7	+20 19 58	7.14	F2-F8Iab			VAR:CDelta 6.78 - 7.51V, 7.990676d.
HR 7472			BD+20 4210	185436	87489						19 38 17.5	+20 46 58	6.48	K0III
HR 7482			BD+20 4218	185859	87542						19 40 28.3	+20 28 36	6.50	B0.5Iae
HR 7485			BD+23 3733	185915	87551				12778		19 40 39.7	+23 43 03	6.64	B6IV	1.5	118.4	D:Companions probably optical.
HR 7490			BD+22 3767	186021	87569						19 41 14.9	+22 27 10	6.36	K0I
HR 7506		10	BD+25 3933	186486	87633	1515					19 43 42.9	+25 46 19	5.49	G8III
HR 7508			BD+26 3654	186518	87640		I		12850	PS Vul	19 43 55.9	+27 08 08	6.28	B7V+G1:III	1.5	0.4	DYN:0.004".,S:Also classified G4III+B6 and K0+A0; cool component K3II.,VAR:E? Amp. 0.076V.
HR 7533			BD+24 3877	186998	87706						19 46 39.5	+25 08 02	6.62	A7IV
HR 7540			BD+25 3972	187193	87729						19 47 48.6	+25 23 02	5.95	K0II-III
HR 7556			BD+28 3493	187640	87786					12454	19 49 54.6	+28 26 26	6.38	B5V
HR 7565		12	BD+22 3833	187811	87813	3585				Var	19 51 04.1	+22 36 36	4.95	B2.5Ve v			G:Member of the local association (Pleiades group).,SB:3.7d.,VAR:Amp. at 0.58 micrometers about 0.11m. H line widths vary in cycle about 15 yrs.
HR 7573			BD+24 3914	187982	87840	3587				12498	19 52 01.6	+24 59 32	5.57	A1Ia			G:Vul OB4.,SB:350.001d, K 16.37k/s, V0 +0.48k/s, asini 74.9. Unresolved by speckle interferometry.
HR 7592		13	BD+23 3820	188260	87883			W			19 53 27.7	+24 04 47	4.58	B9.5III	3.2	1.0
HR 7601			BD+23 3829	188485	87908						19 54 31.1	+24 19 10	5.52	A0III
HR 7641		14	BD+22 3872	189410	88016						19 59 10.5	+23 06 05	5.67 R	F0
HR 7653		15	BD+27 3587	189849	88071	1523				NT Vul	20 01 06.1	+27 45 13	4.64	A4III			SB:3195d, K 4.6k/s, V0 -24.0k/s, e 0.76. Unresolved by speckle interferometry.,VAR:Amp. 0.03V, 14.0d.
HR 7656			BD+24 3975	189944	88088						20 01 44.7	+24 48 01	5.88	B4V
HR 7657		16	BD+24 3977	190004	88098				13277		20 02 01.4	+24 56 17	5.22	F2III	0.3	0.8
HR 7677			BD+22 3913	190590	88163			S			20 04 58.6	+23 12 37	6.45 R	A5Vn		0.1
HR 7688		17	BD+23 3896	190993	88212	3611					20 06 53.4	+23 36 52	5.07	B3V
HR 7711		18	BD+26 3815	191747	88295						20 10 33.5	+26 54 15	5.52	A3III			G:NGC 6682 #2.,SB:9.316d, K 78.5k/s, V0 -13.0k/s, msin3i 2.27, asini 10.1.
HR 7716			BD+21 4088	191877	88315						20 11 21.1	+21 52 32	6.26	B1Ibe
HR 7718		19	BD+26 3825	192004	88330		I				20 11 48.0	+26 48 32	5.49	K3II-III			G:NGC 6882 #1. Member NGC 6885, a sparse cluster in front of and often confused with NGC 6882.
HR 7719		20	BD+26 3828	192044	88339					12890	20 12 00.7	+26 28 44	5.92	B7Ve			G:NGC 6882 #3. Member NGC 6885, a sparse cluster in front of and often confused with NGC 6882.,S:Shell star.,VAR:S, 5.87 - 5.92V.
HR 7723			BD+23 3935	192342	88377				13543		20 13 40.6	+24 14 20	6.56	A1m	3.3	2.7	D:Binary.,G:Hyades group.
HR 7731		21	BD+28 3675	192518	88391					NU Vul	20 14 14.5	+28 41 41	5.18	A7IVn			S:Shell star.,VAR:Delta Sct, 16.478d, amp. 0.07V.
HR 7739			BD+25 4165	192685	88410				13589	QR Vul	20 15 15.9	+25 35 31	4.78	B3Ve v	2.4	0.7	D:AB CPM, 680?y.,S:Discovered in 1982 as a Be star. H alpha previously absorption; emission increased rapidly in September 1982.,SB:11.000d, subsequently rejected; probably shorter if variable.,VAR:4.60 - 4.80V. Sudden brightening in 1982, amp. 0.18V.
HR 7741		22	BD+23 3944	192713	88416		I			QS Vul	20 15 30.2	+23 30 31	5.15	G3Ib-II			SB:251.0d, K 26.8k/s, V0 -23.7k/s, asini 92.4. Secondary B9, revised period 249.099d, a1sini 93.,VAR:E, amp. 0.367U, 0.142B, 0.052V, 0.031R, 0.010I, 249.099d; duration of primary eclipse <17d.
HR 7744		23	BD+27 3666	192806	88428		I	S			20 15 46.1	+27 48 51	4.52	K3-IIIFe-1			S:Also classified K3III CN-1 Ba0.3 Fe-1.
HR 7753		24	BD+24 4075	192944	88451	760					20 16 47.1	+24 40 16	5.32	G8III
HR 7760			BD+28 3695	193094	88473				13648		20 17 31.5	+29 08 53	6.22	G9III	4.7	5.9
HR 7789		25	BD+23 3986	193911	88580						20 22 03.4	+24 26 46	5.54	B8IIIne			S:Shell star.
HR 7811			BD+20 4559	194577	88664	3634				Var	20 25 40.5	+21 24 35	5.66	G6III			VAR:Amp. 0.04V, pulsating.
HR 7849			BD+25 4272	195692	88808				13964		20 31 58.2	+25 48 16	6.34	Am	1.8	0.4	D:Binary. B is A2.
HR 7862			BD+20 4629	196035	88846						20 34 10.0	+20 59 07	6.48	B3IV
HR 7874		26	BD+25 4299	196362	88884						20 36 08.3	+25 52 57	6.41	A5III			SB:11.088d, K 58.7k/s, V0 -18.8k/s, asini 8.59.
HR 7880		27	BD+25 4302	196504	88903	3649					20 37 04.7	+26 27 43	5.59	B9V
HR 7891		29	BD+20 4658	196724	88944	1539					20 38 31.3	+21 12 04	4.82	A0V
HR 7894		28	BD+23 4084	196740	88945						20 38 31.9	+24 06 58	5.04	B5IV
HR 7895			BD+23 4085	196753	88946						20 38 35.1	+23 40 50	5.91	K0II-III+A3V			SB:vsini of K-type =<50k/s, of A-type 80k/s.
HR 7903			BD+21 4305	196821	88959					13201	20 39 10.6	+21 49 02	6.08	A0III
HR 7939		30	BD+24 4229	197752	89084	3657	I				20 44 52.5	+25 16 14	4.91	K2III			G:Gamma Leo group.
HR 7988			BD+27 3890	198726	89216		I			T Vul	20 51 28.2	+28 15 02	5.77	F5Ib			VAR:CDelta 5.44 - 6.06V, 4.435572d.
HR 7995		31	BD+26 4017	198809	89228		I			13373	20 52 07.7	+27 05 49	4.59	G7IIIFe-1
HR 8007			BD+27 3909	199140	89265					BW Vul	20 54 22.4	+28 31 19	6.56	B2IIIe v			VAR:Beta C 6.2 - 6.43p, 0.20104071d. Sudden period change in 1972. 1924-70 per. increased 0.037s/y.
HR 8008		32	BD+27 3911	199169	89272	786	I			13398	20 54 33.6	+28 03 27	5.01	K4III
HR 8032		33	BD+21 4424	199697	89332	1549	I				20 58 16.4	+22 19 33	5.31	K3.5III
HR 8082			BD+26 4073	201051	89459	3686					21 06 23.5	+26 55 28	6.12	K0II-III
HR 8101			BD+21 4486	201671	89505				14710 A		21 10 32.0	+22 27 17	6.68	A1V	1.0	18.0	D:Fixed. Companion A4V.,S:Also classified Am(A0/A2V/A2).
HR 8158			BD+21 4521	203206	89628						21 20 14.0	+22 01 35	6.29	B6IV
HR 8190			BD+23 4300	203803	89678			W			21 23 58.8	+24 16 27	5.71	F1IV	4.8	53.9
HR 8194			BD+24 4394	203858	89680				14943		21 24 07.4	+25 18 44	6.15	A2V	5.6	66.8	D:ADS 14943A. All companions 10.5m or fainter.,SB:6.9463d, K 71.4k/s, V0 -19.5k/s, msin3i 1.37, asini 6.82.
HR 8197			BD+23 4305	203886	89682						21 24 23.1	+24 31 44	6.32	K0III
HR 8198			BD+25 4531	203925	89685						21 24 34.0	+26 10 28	5.68	A8III			VAR:Delta Sct?
HR 8217		35	BD+26 4164	204414	89720	3715					21 27 40.1	+27 36 31	5.41	A1V

Revised+Historic NGC/IC, Version 22/9, © Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke ^[277]
Planetary Nebulae
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 6842	19 55 02.3	+29 17 23	PN	13.6	13.1	0.95	F, pL, vlE	PK 65+0.1, Sh2-95, CS=16.0
NGC 6853	19 59 36.3	+22 43 18	PN	7.6	7.4	6.7	!!!, vB, vL, biN, iE (Dumbbell)	M 27, PK 60-3.1, CS=13.9, Dumbbell nebula
Galactic Nebulae
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 6813	19 40 24.0	+27 18 34	EN			3 × 3	** in vF, S neb	SG 3.148
NGC 6820	19 42 28.0	+23 05 15	EN	15.0		0.5 × 0.5	F, S, R, bM	IRAS 19403+2258, knot in Sh2-86
IC 4954	20 04 45.0	+29 15 12	RN			3 × 3	D neb , iF, 11 close	LBN 153, CED 175
IC 4955	20 04 53.0	+29 11 24	RN			5 × 5	Fine neb * 12	LBN 153, CED 175
Open Clusters
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 6793	19 23 12.6	+22 09 27	IV2p			7	Cl, P, lC	OCL 115
NGC 6800	19 27 00.0	+25 05 30	III2p			5	Cl, vL, pRi, vlC, st 10…	OCL 123
NGC 6802	19 30 36.0	+20 15 42	III1m		8.8	5	Cl, L, vC, E 0°, st 14…18	OCL 114
NGC 6823	19 43 10.0	+23 18 00	I3pn		7.1	7	Cl, eRi, E, st 11…12	OCL 124, LBN 135
NGC 6827	19 48 53.2	+21 12 58	I1m			2	vF, E, dif, sev st inv	OCL 120
NGC 6830	19 51 00.0	+23 06 00	II2p		7.9	6	Cl, L, pRi, pC, st 11…12	OCL 125
NGC 6885	20 11 40.6	+26 32 54	*Grp			5	Cl, vB, vL, Ri, lC, st 6…11	NGC 6882, OCL 132, with 20 Vul
NGC 6940	20 34 32.3	+28 16 49	III2m		6.3	25	Cl, vB, vL, vRi, cC, st pL	OCL 141
IC 1299	19 22 42.0	+20 44 24	OCL	14.0		2 × 1	S Cl of vF st
Galaxies
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 6921	20 28 28.9	+25 43 26	S0-a	14.4	13.4	0.9 × 0.2	F, S, E	UGC 11570, MCG 4-48-1, IRAS 20264+2533
NGC 7052	21 18 33.0	+26 26 50	E5	13.6	12.6	2.1 × 1.1	F, S, vlE, r	UGC 11718, MCG 4-50-6, CGCG 471-5
NGC 7080	21 30 01.9	+26 43 06	SBb	13.1	12.3	1.8 × 1.7	vF, S, vlE	UGC 11756, MCG 4-50-12, CGCG 471-11, NPM1G +26.0474, IRAS 21278+2629

«Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae» Acker et al., 1992 ^[141]
PNG	RA J2000.0	Dec J2000.0	Main ID	PK	IRAS	Discoverer	Identities	oDiam ["]	rDiam ["]	Dist [kpc]	Rvel [km/s]	ExpVel [km/s]	C* Name	C* Mag	C* SP Type
PN G055.2+02.8	19 23 25	+21 08 00	He 2-432	55+02.1	19212+2102	HENIZE 1964	ARO 321	5.	2.3
PN G055.3+02.7	19 23 47	+21 06 40	He 1- 1	55+02.2	19216+2100	HENIZE 1961	ARO 188, He 2- 433	5.4	8.
PN G055.3+06.6	19 08 39	+22 58 51	A 54	55+06.1		ABELL 1955	A55 42, ARO 184, VV' 479	56.
PN G055.5-00.5	19 36 26	+19 42 30	M 1-71	55-00.1	19342+1935	MINKOWSKI 1946	ARO 156, He 2- 439, VV 236, VV' 504	3.8	2.9		+50.6 ± 10.1	16.5 (O-III), 25.0 (N-II)			WC ?
PN G055.6+02.1	19 26 38	+21 09 35	He 1- 2	55+02.3	19244+2103	HENIZE 1961	ARO 189, He 2- 435	5.	4.7					B: 17.7, V: 16.7
PN G056.0+02.0	19 27 44	+21 30 03	K 3-35	56+02.1	19255+2123	KOHOUTEK 1964	ARO 323	0.	1.7
PN G056.4-00.9	19 39 36	+20 19 02	K 3-42	56-00.1		KOHOUTEK 1964		3.4	1.2
PN G057.9-01.5	19 45 22	+21 20 04	He 2-447	57-01.1	19431+2112	HENIZE 1964	VES 47	5. :	1.2
PN G058.6+06.1	19 17 03	+25 37 26	A 57	58+06.1		ABELL 1955	A55 46, ARO 149, VV' 490	37.					AG82 359, CSI +25 -19150, UBV 16325	U: 16.97, B: 17.86, V: 17.66
PN G058.9+01.3	19 36 22	+23 39 48	K 3-40	58+01.1	19342+2333	KOHOUTEK 1964	VES 16	0.	4.
PN G059.0+04.6	19 24 03	+25 18 49	K 3-34	59+04.1		KOHOUTEK 1964		9.6
PN G059.0-01.7	19 48 25	+22 10 00	He 1- 3	59-01.1	19462+2201	HENIZE 1961	ARO 164, He 2- 448	8.					AG82 385	B: >12.0, V: >11.6
PN G059.4+02.3	19 33 47	+24 32 27	K 3-37	59+02.1	19316+2425	KOHOUTEK 1964	ARO 325	0.	2.5
PN G059.9+02.0	19 35 54	+24 54 50	K 3-39	59+02.2	19338+2448	KOHOUTEK 1964	ARO 326	0.	1.
PN G060.4+01.5	19 38 52	+25 05 31	PM 1-310		19367+2458	PREITE-MARTINEZ 1988	HuDo 1	0.						V: 18.6	(WC 11)
PN G060.5+01.8	19 38 08	+25 15 41	He 2-440	60+01.1	19360+2508	HENIZE 1964	VES 26	3. :	2.2
PN G060.5-00.3	19 46 16	+24 11 07	K 3-45	60-00.1	19442+2404	KOHOUTEK 1964		6.8
PN G060.8-03.6	19 59 36	+22 43 01	NGC 6853	60-03.1	19574+2234	HUGGINS 1864	ARO 14, He 2- 452, M 27, VV 246, VV' 521	402.		0.32	-41.8 ± 0.8	15.0 (O-III), 31.5 (N-II)	AG82 393, CSI +22 -19572, GCRV 12336, PLX 4735	U: 12.43, B: 13.66, V: 13.94	O7, O(H)
PN G061.3+03.6	19 32 58	+26 52 44	He 2-437	61+03.1	19309+2646	HENIZE 1964	ARO 154, M 4-15	7.2
PN G061.8+02.1	19 39 40	+26 30 58	He 2-442	61+02.1		HENIZE 1964	ARO 157, M 4-16	< 10.	0.4		+55.0 ± 11.0
PN G062.4-00.2	19 50 28	+25 54 22	M 2-48	62-00.1	19483+2546	MINKOWSKI 1947	ARO 190, He 2- 449, VV 243, VV' 515	8.	3.1
PN G063.8-03.3	20 04 59	+25 26 37	K 3-54	63-03.1	20028+2518	KOHOUTEK 1964	ARO 343	0.	0.8
PN G064.9-02.1	20 03 22	+27 00 55	K 3-53	64-02.1	20012+2652	KOHOUTEK 1964	ARO 341	< 6.	0.8
PN G065.1-03.5	20 09 04	+26 26 53	We 1- 9		20069+2618	WEINBERGER 1977		24.					AG82 397	B: >21.
PN G065.2-05.6	20 17 21	+25 21 44	He 1- 6	65-05.1	20152+2512	HENIZE 1961	ARO 171, He 2- 462	18.8			-22.0 ± 11.0
PN G065.9+00.5	19 55 02	+29 17 21	NGC 6842	65+00.1	19530+2909	CURTIS 1919	ARO 106, He 2- 451, Sh 1- 72, Sh 2- 95, VV 245, VV' 518	57.	36.	2.3	-5.0 ± 25.0	35.0 (O-III)	AG82 388, CSI +29 -19529, PLX 4708	U: 14.75, B: 15.65, V: 15.98
PN G066.9-05.2	20 19 38	+27 00 14	PC 24	66-05.1	20175+2650	PEIMBERT et al 1961	ARO 192, He 1- 7, He 2- 463	5.	5.
PN G072.7-17.1	21 16 52	+24 08 51	A 74	72-17.1		ABELL 1955	A55 61, ARO 193, VV' 546	830.			+18.0 ± 4.0	27. (O-III), 26. (N-II)	AG82 425, CSI +23 -21146, FB 176, UBV 18389	U: 15.72, B: 16.91, V: 17.11	sd Op

7	«Der grosse Kosmos-Himmelsführer» von Ian Ridpath und Wil Tirion; Kosmos Verlag; ISBN 3-440-05787-9
9	«Drehbare Sternkarte SIRIUS» von H. Suter-Haug; Hallwag-Verlag, Bern
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19	«Prodromus Astronomiae» Johannes Hevelius, 1690; DOI:10.3931/e-rara-456
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150	IAU: The Constellations, 11. Oktober 2020; iau.org/public/themes/constellations
154	Yale Bright Star Catalog, 15. Oktober 2020; tdc-www.harvard.edu/catalogs/bsc5.html
277	«Historische Deep-Sky Kataloge» von Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke; klima-luft.de/steinicke (2021-02-17)