Constellation Lacerta (Lizard)

Properties

Lacerta is a constellation that fills a 201 square degree gap between the large, bright constellations. The constellation is poor in bright stars, expressionless and therefore a little difficult to find. It is located between Cygnus and Andromeda, roughly level with Deneb. The northernmost part lies in the band of the Milky Way and the center culminates around midnight on August 28th. ^{[9, 15]}

Data for constellation Lacerta ^[150]
IAU Name	Lacerta
IAU Genitive	Lacertae
IAU Abbr.	Lac
English Name	Lizard
Season (47° N)	May … December
Right Ascension	21^h 57^m 30^s … 22^h 57^m 52^s
Declination	+35° 09' 56" … +56° 55' 05"
Area	201 deg²
Neighbours (N↻)	Cep, Cyg, Peg, And, Cas

Deep-Sky Object Descriptions

Abell 79

Abell 80

History

The constellation was only introduced by Johannes Hevelius from Danzig towards the end of the 17th century. The French Augustin Royer proposed the name of the scepter and the hand of Justitia for this area in 1697 in memory of King Louis XIV. The German astronomer Johann Elert Bode named the constellation Gloria in 1787 in honor of Frederick the Great Prussia. These two strongly political proposals were later dropped in favor of a neutral lizard (Lacerta). ^[7]

Catalogs

Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) ^[154]
HR	B	F	DM	HD	SAO	FK5	IR	M*	ADS	VarID	RA	Dec	vMag	spType	dMag	Sep ["]	Remarks
HR 8421			BD+46 3574	209857	51632		I			HT Lac	22 05 16.4	+46 44 41	6.13	M4IIIab			G:NGC 7209 #86.,VAR:SRb 6.08 - 6.36V, 82:d.
HR 8422			BD+44 4041	209932	51640						22 05 50.6	+45 06 44	6.44	A0V
HR 8424			BD+44 4043	209945	51650	3769	I			14028	22 06 02.0	+45 00 52	5.14	K5III
HR 8427			BD+47 3692	209961	51645					V365 Lac	22 05 51.2	+48 13 54	6.27	B2V			G:Lac OB1.,SB:2.1727d, K 121.7k/s, V0 -12.9k/s, asini 3.63. Secondary black hole? Masses 12 and over 5 solar.,VAR:Amp. 0.08V, 2.1727d.
HR 8429			BD+44 4044	209993	51652						22 06 12.4	+45 14 55	6.19	A3V
HR 8443			BD+52 3114	210221	34076						22 07 25.5	+53 18 26	6.14	A3Ib
HR 8445			BD+49 3746	210289	51678		I		15659		22 08 16.5	+49 47 47	6.42 R	K5III	6.7	38.5
HR 8448			BD+45 3813	210334	51684					AR Lac	22 08 41.0	+45 44 31	6.11	G2IV+K0III			S:Published classes range from F8, G2IV, G2Vn to G5IV for the earlier component, and K0IV to K2III for the later. Radio,S:emission source probably synchrotron emission.,SB:1.9832d, K 116.1k/s, V0 -33.7k/s, msin3i 1.28, asini 3.17. Masses 1.2 and 1.3 solar. Mass loss from primary.,SB:Close radio binary.,VAR:EA 6.08 - 6.77V, RS CVn-type binary, 1.98319204d (period changes). Distortions in light curve possibly due to star,VAR:spots or to gas streams. Strong radio flare activity.
HR 8463			BD+50 3602	210715	34143	3774			15708		22 11 09.9	+50 49 24	5.40	A5V	4.1	73.8	D:B and C optical. D, K0, CPM.
HR 8485			BD+38 4711	211073	72155	1583	I		15758	14076	22 13 52.7	+39 42 54	4.49	K3III	6.3	28.4	D:B, optical.,G:In reflection nebula.,SB:ADS 15758A. Resolved by speckle interferometry 1983.94, sep. 0.09".
HR 8487			BD+44 4073	211096	51783						22 13 49.3	+45 26 27	5.53	A0III
HR 8489			BD+42 4333	211211	51797	3778					22 14 44.4	+42 57 14	5.71	A2Vnn
HR 8498		1	BD+37 4526	211388	72191		I				22 15 58.2	+37 44 56	4.13	K3-II-III
HR 8510			BD+37 4537	211797	72228				15828		22 18 56.2	+37 46 10	6.17	A9IIIp	2.7	15.7	D:AB binary.
HR 8519			BD+50 3673	212071	34335						22 20 39.6	+50 58 51	6.42 R	K2
HR 8523		2	BD+45 3894	212120	51904				15862	14130	22 21 01.6	+46 32 12	4.57	B6V	6.4	48.2	D:Visual companion is optical.,SB:ADS 15862A, 2.6164d, K 79.5k/s, V0 -8.9k/s, msin3i 0.873, asini 2.86. Secondary about 1m fainter.,VAR:ADS 15862A, Ell?, 4.53 - 4.56V.
HR 8528			BD+41 4469	212222	51918						22 21 50.9	+42 04 42	6.41	B5V
HR 8536			BD+37 4560	212487	72296						22 23 54.2	+38 34 25	6.22	F5IV:
HR 8538	β	3	BD+51 3358	212496	34395	844	I	S			22 23 33.6	+52 13 45	4.43	G8.5IIIbCa1
HR 8541		4	BD+48 3715	212593	51970						22 24 31.0	+49 28 35	4.57	B9Iab
HR 8549			BD+36 4835	212883	72344				15942		22 26 45.7	+37 26 38	6.46	B2V	3.3	4.3	D:Fixed.,G:Lac OB1.
HR 8553			BD+39 4841	212978	72358			S			22 27 26.5	+39 48 35	6.14	B2V		0.2	G:Lac OB1.
HR 8554			BD+55 2750	212986	34460	3795					22 26 59.2	+56 26 00	6.57	B5III
HR 8569			BD+34 4700	213272	72399						22 29 43.9	+35 43 32	6.56	A2V
HR 8572		5	BD+46 3719	213310	52055	3799	I	S		14177	22 29 31.8	+47 42 25	4.36	M0II+B8V			SB:41.95y, K 12.2k/s, V0 -3.4k/s, asini 2240. Unresolved by speckle interferometry. SKYLAB indicates cool star with,SB:hot companion. vsini of B-type component 90:k/s.
HR 8575			BD+48 3747	213389	52073			W		V350 Lac	22 30 06.5	+49 21 22	6.40	K2IIIe	3.2	66.0	S:Strong CaII emission.,SB:17.755d, K 40.2k/s, V0 +5.4k/s, asini 9.81.,VAR:Ell 6.27 - 6.47V, 17.748d, double wave light curve; mean mag. varies.
HR 8579		6	BD+42 4420	213420	52079	3800					22 30 29.3	+43 07 24	4.51	B2IV			G:Lac OB1.,SB:880d, K 9k/s, V0 -11.9k/s, asini 104.
HR 8585	α	7	BD+49 3875	213558	34542	848			16021		22 31 17.5	+50 16 57	3.77	A1V	8.3	36.3	D:Optical.
HR 8588			BD+39 4871	213660	72446	3805			16031		22 32 26.4	+39 46 47	5.88	A6V	5.5	43.1
HR 8589			BD+53 2910	213720	34555						22 32 18.8	+54 02 15	6.35 R	G8III
HR 8594			BD+55 2769	213930	34574		I			14213	22 33 40.6	+56 37 30	5.71	G8III-IV			VAR:L, 5.8 - 6.8v, period about 1y.
HR 8603		8	BD+38 4808	214168	72509				16095 A	14242	22 35 52.3	+39 38 03	5.73	B2Ve v	0.7	22.4	D:AB CPM. B is 6.46V, -0.14(B-V), -0.82(U-B), B2V, vsini 40k/s. All companions listed by Worley are more than 22" from,D:A. A new companion at 0.042" discovered by speckle interferometry.,G:Lac OB1.,RV:ADS 16095A, cycles 4-10y.,S:Shell star.,VAR:ADS 16095A, 4-10y cycles. Emission var. period 16-18y.
HR 8606			BD+49 3903	214240	52171						22 35 53.4	+50 04 16	6.29	B3V			G:Lac OB1.,SB:10.9188d, K 82.3k/s, V0 -16.4k/s, asini 12.0. Secondary spectrum faint.
HR 8607			BD+55 2779	214279	34605						22 35 51.8	+56 04 12	6.38	A3V
HR 8609			BD+34 4729	214313	72535	3812					22 36 48.7	+35 39 09	6.30	K5
HR 8613		9	BD+50 3770	214454	34628						22 37 22.4	+51 32 43	4.63	A8IV
HR 8617			BD+44 4185	214558	52211			S			22 38 17.5	+45 10 59	6.40 R	G2III+A4V		0.1	S:vsini of both components =<50k/s.
HR 8621			BD+56 2821	214665	34651		I		16140	14260	22 38 37.9	+56 47 45	5.21 R	M4+III	5.2	30.9	D:Optical.
HR 8622		10	BD+38 4826	214680	72575	852			16148		22 39 15.7	+39 03 01	4.88	O9V	5.2	62.2	C:Color excess E(B-V) = +0.11.,D:Companion 10.02V, +0.28(B-V), +0.3(U-B), A6III-IV, vsini 141k/s.,G:Lac OB1; in HII region.,RV:Possible rapid variations arising in outer layers of the stellar atmosphere. Probably fast rotating pole-on star.
HR 8626			BD+36 4902	214714	72581				16154		22 39 34.3	+37 35 34	6.03	G3Ib-IICN-1CH2Fe-1	5.7	19.5	D:Optical.
HR 8632		11	BD+43 4266	214868	52251		I				22 40 30.9	+44 16 35	4.46	K2+III-IIIb			G:Hyades group.
HR 8633			BD+53 2950	214878	34682						22 40 18.4	+53 50 46	5.93	K0III
HR 8640		12	BD+39 4912	214993	72627			W		DD Lac	22 41 28.6	+40 13 32	5.25	B2III	4.0	69.0	D:B, 9.2A3V, physical, vsini 89k/s.,G:Lac OB1.,SB:0.19d and slower var.,VAR:Beta C 5.16 - 5.28V, 0.1930924d. Six secondary periods reported, ranging from 0.095109 to 0.23583d.
HR 8643			BD+40 4885	215030	52270						22 41 36.1	+41 32 58	5.94 R	G9III
HR 8648			BD+53 2960	215159	34713	3817	I				22 42 20.8	+53 54 32	6.12	K2
HR 8651			BD+37 4670	215191	72652						22 42 55.5	+37 48 10	6.43	B1V			G:Lac OB1.
HR 8652			BD+46 3803	215242	52296				16214	14290	22 43 04.5	+47 10 07	6.39	A1V+G:	1.6	0.5	D:BC, 7.6, 9.5v sep. 0.15" binary and AxBC binary.,SB:ADS 16214BC.,VAR:Uncertain which component varies.
HR 8654			BD+38 4855	215359	72675		I		16228		22 44 05.2	+39 27 56	5.95	K5III+K2III	3.5	2.7	D:AB binary. B is K2III. C, 12.5v at 11" optical.,DYN:0.005".
HR 8656		13	BD+41 4594	215373	52317	858	I		16227		22 44 05.5	+41 49 09	5.08	K0III	5.8	14.6	D:Fixed sep.
HR 8661			BD+51 3460	215518	34757		I				22 44 49.2	+52 31 02	6.55 R	K2
HR 8666			BD+43 4300	215664	52348					14311	22 46 10.2	+44 32 46	5.76	F0III-IV			G:Hyades moving group.,VAR:Delta Sct?, amp. 0.01V, 0.052:d.
HR 8678			BD+36 4934	215943	72732					14321	22 48 10.9	+37 25 00	5.90	gG8
HR 8682			BD+53 2993	216057	34845						22 48 47.8	+54 24 54	6.12	B5Vne			M:Old disk population runaway star.,S:Shell star. Also classified B8.5IV-V.
HR 8688			BD+55 2820	216174	34858		I				22 49 46.2	+55 54 10	5.43	K1III
HR 8690		14	BD+41 4623	216200	52412			S		V360 Lac	22 50 21.8	+41 57 13	5.92	B3IV: e		1.0	G:Lac OB1.,S:H alpha emission.,SB:10d.,VAR:EB 5.91 - 5.98V, 10.075d. Detached main sequence stars.
HR 8692			BD+49 3954	216206	34862						22 50 10.2	+50 40 37	6.21	G4Ib
HR 8699		15	BD+42 4521	216397	52436		I		16325		22 52 02.0	+43 18 45	4.94	M0III	6.0	104.4	D:AB, CPM. B, 12.2v at 26".
HR 8705			BD+49 3962	216523	34917						22 52 52.3	+50 24 43	6.46	B8V
HR 8706			BD+39 4957	216538	72812					14346	22 53 11.3	+40 10 02	6.34	B7III-IV
HR 8708			BD+43 4331	216608	52465				16345		22 53 40.1	+44 44 57	5.81	A3Vm+F6V	1.5	0.9	D:AB 5.8 A3VM, 7.8 F6V, 104.5y, a = 0.647", or 102.27y, a = 0.680". Component C, optical.,DYN:0.020".,S:For combined light, Am; K/H/met indicate A3/F0V/F4, respectively.,SB:ADS 16345A.
HR 8712			BD+39 4964	216646	52471						22 54 07.0	+40 22 37	5.81	K0III			G:Hyades group.
HR 8718			BD+36 4956	216756	72838	1600					22 55 02.6	+37 04 37	5.91	F5II
HR 8723			BD+35 4917	216831	72851				16376		22 55 44.5	+36 21 06	5.74	B7III	3.7	51.0	S:Hg, Mn.
HR 8725		16	BD+40 4949	216916	52512				16381	EN Lac	22 56 23.6	+41 36 14	5.59	B2IV	3.6	62.1	D:AB relative position of component unchanged in a century. Probably physical. B, 11.5v F0 at 27". C, F5IV, optical, vsini,D:=<54k/s.,G:Lac OB1.,SB:ADS 16381A, 12.097d, K 23.0k/s, V0 -13.0k/s, asini 3.82. RV pulsation 0.169166d.,VAR:ADS 16381A, Beta C, amp. 0.11B, 0.169170, 0.170770 and 0.181692d. Also EA, amp. 0.04V, 12.096816d.
HR 8726			BD+48 3887	216946	52516		I			14368	22 56 26.0	+49 44 01	4.95	K5Ib			VAR:Amp. 0.06V.
HR 8731			BD+47 3985	217050	52526	3833				EW Lac	22 57 04.5	+48 41 03	5.43	B4IIIep v			RV:Variation in envelope, about 19d. Non-expanding over 50y. Rotating metal shell.,S:Shell star.,VAR:Gamma Cas 5.22 - 5.48V, 5.0 - 5.3p; later observations 5.15 - 5.21V. Amp. variable. Periods at different times have,VAR:varied from 0.7364 in 1951 to between 0.800 and 0.700d; more recent periods were a choice in 1980 between 0.725 and,VAR:0.418d; 0.711 in 1981 and then 0.722d. Also indications of long-term changes. Spectrum variable 2.4 - 10.8y. Spectrum,VAR:also indicates atmospheric quasi-periodic pulsations of about 1d. Strong spectrum and color changes in 1978.
HR 8733			BD+38 4904	217101	72883	3835					22 57 40.7	+39 18 32	6.18	B2IV-V			G:Lac OB1.

Revised+Historic NGC/IC, Version 22/9, © Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke ^[277]
Planetary Nebulae
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
IC 5217	22 23 55.7	+50 58 03	PN	12.6	11.3	0.25	Planetary, stellar	PK 100-5.1, CS=15.4
Open Clusters
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 7209	22 05 08.0	+46 29 00	III1p		7.7	15	Cl, L, cRi, pC, st 9…12	OCL 215
NGC 7243	22 15 08.5	+49 53 51	IV2p		6.4	30	Cl, L, P, lC, st vL	OCL 221
NGC 7245	22 15 12.0	+54 20 36	II1p		9.2	5	Cl, C, st eS	OCL 225
NGC 7296	22 28 02.0	+52 17 18	OCL	9.7		4	Cl, iR, lC, st vS	NGC 7295, OCL 228
IC 1434	22 10 30.0	+52 50 00	II1p		9.0	7	Fine Cl, 6 branches, st 12-15m	OCL 223
IC 1442	22 16 06.0	+53 59 30	II2m		9.1	5	Cl of neb stars	OCL 224
Galaxies
Name	RA	Dec	Type	bMag	vMag	Dim	Dreyer Description	Identification, Remarks
NGC 7197	22 02 57.9	+41 03 34	Sa	13.7	12.8	1.6 × 0.8	F, cS, cE, vglbM, er	UGC 11887, MCG 7-45-5, CGCG 530-3, IRAS 22008+4049
NGC 7223	22 10 09.2	+41 01 02	SBc	12.9	12.2	1.4 × 1.1	eF, pS, lE, r, am 3 st	UGC 11931, MCG 7-45-18, CGCG 530-13, IRAS 22081+4046
NGC 7227	22 11 31.3	+38 43 15	S0	14.5	13.5	1.3 × 0.6	vF, vS, R, lbM, np of 2	UGC 11942, MCG 6-48-15, CGCG 513-12
NGC 7228	22 11 48.6	+38 41 56	SBa	14.4	13.5	2.1 × 1.2	F, vS, R, lbM, sf of 2	UGC 11945, MCG 6-48-16, CGCG 513-13
NGC 7231	22 12 30.3	+45 19 43	SBa	13.9	13.0	1.9 × 0.7	eF, S, er	UGC 11951, CGCG 530-17, IRAS 22104+4504
NGC 7240	22 15 22.7	+37 16 50	E-S0	15.2	14.2	0.6 × 0.6	eF, eS, * att n, p of 2	MCG 6-48-24, CGCG 513-22, CGCG 514-2
NGC 7242	22 15 39.3	+37 17 52	E3	14.2	13.2	2.3 × 1.7	vF, S, lbM, f of 2	UGC 11969, MCG 6-48-25, CGCG 513-23, CGCG 514-3
NGC 7248	22 16 52.5	+40 30 19	S0	13.5	12.4	1.8 × 0.9	vF, vS, mbM	UGC 11972, MCG 7-45-22, CGCG 530-19
NGC 7250	22 18 17.7	+40 33 47	Sd	13.2	12.6	1.7 × 0.8	vF, S, mE 165° ±	UGC 11980, MCG 7-45-24, MK 907, CGCG 530-22, IRAS 22161+4018
NGC 7263 1	22 21 45.2	+36 20 59	S0-a	15.5	14.6	0.8 × 0.7	F, S, R	MCG 6-49-4, CGCG 514-12, 4ZW 97
NGC 7263 2	22 21 46.0	+36 21 09	C	16.0	15.0	0.4 × 0.4	F, S, R	MCG 6-49-4, CGCG 514-12, 4ZW 97
NGC 7264	22 22 13.5	+36 23 13	Sb	14.6	13.8	2.2 × 0.3	vF, pS, mE	UGC 12001, MCG 6-49-5, CGCG 514-14, IRAS 22200+3608
NGC 7265	22 22 27.5	+36 12 37	E-S0	13.2	12.1	2.4 × 1.9	F, vS, R, mbM	UGC 12004, MCG 6-49-6, CGCG 514-15, IRAS 22203+3556
NGC 7273	22 24 09.1	+36 12 01	S0	14.8	13.8	0.8 × 0.5	F, vS, R, mbM	MCG 6-49-12, CGCG 514-24, NPM1G +35.0457
NGC 7274	22 24 11.0	+36 07 35	E0	13.8	12.8	1.5 × 1.5	pF, vS, mbM	UGC 12026, MCG 6-49-13, CGCG 514-26, NPM1G +35.0458
NGC 7276	22 24 14.3	+36 05 17	E0	14.9	13.9	0.9 × 0.9	vF, vS, mbM	MCG 6-49-14, CGCG 514-25, NPM1G +35.0459
NGC 7282	22 25 53.9	+40 18 56	SBb	14.5	13.7	2.5 × 1	eF, pL, dif, bet 3 st	UGC 12034, MCG 7-46-7, CGCG 531-6, IRAS 22236+4003
NGC 7330	22 36 56.1	+38 32 53	E0	13.2	12.2	1.4 × 1.4	pB, S, lE, bM	UGC 12111, MCG 6-49-46, CGCG 514-67
NGC 7379	22 47 32.9	+40 14 21	SBa	14.3	13.4	1.1 × 0.8	eF, S, R, lbM	UGC 12187, MCG 7-46-18, CGCG 531-13, IRAS 22452+3958
NGC 7395	22 51 02.8	+37 05 18	S0	14.8	13.8	1.2 × 1.1	eF, vS, R, bM	UGC 12216, MCG 6-50-6, CGCG 515-8, NPM1G +36.0497
NGC 7426	22 56 03.0	+36 21 44	E2	13.3	12.3	1.7 × 1.4	vF, cS, R, stellar, D * p	UGC 12256, MCG 6-50-12, CGCG 515-12, near SAO 72851
IC 1441	22 15 19.1	+37 18 03	SBa	15.5	14.6	0.7 × 0.3	eF, S, S stellar N	MCG 6-48-23, CGCG 513-21, CGCG 514-1
IC 5180	22 11 12.0	+38 55 36	E2	14.3	13.3	1 × 0.8	vF, S, sbM	UGC 11938, MCG 6-48-12, CGCG 513-11
IC 5191	22 15 02.4	+37 18 01	S0-a	15.0	14.1	1.1 × 0.2	Group of 6 neb (sketched), incl N.G.C. 7240, 7242 and B. 449	UGC 11963, MCG 6-48-21, CGCG 513-20
IC 5192	22 15 14.1	+37 16 15	S	16.0	15.2	0.3 × 0.3	Group of 6 neb (sketched), incl N.G.C. 7240, 7242 and B. 449	MCG 6-48-22
IC 5193	22 15 43.5	+37 14 36	E0	15.5	14.5	0.3 × 0.3	Group of 6 neb (sketched), incl N.G.C. 7240, 7242 and B. 449	MCG 6-48-26, NPM1G +36.0480
IC 5195	22 15 41.5	+37 18 10	C	16.4	15.4	0.3 × 0.3	eF, S, 0'.5 s of 7242	CGCG 513-23, CGCG 514-3, 4ZW 90

«Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae» Acker et al., 1992 ^[141]
PNG	RA J2000.0	Dec J2000.0	Main ID	PK	IRAS	Discoverer	Identities	oDiam ["]	rDiam ["]	Dist [kpc]	Rvel [km/s]	ExpVel [km/s]	C* Name	C* Mag	C* SP Type
PN G100.0-08.7	22 31 44	+47 48 04	Me 2-2	100-08.1	22296+4732	MERRILL 1941	Anon.22h29m, ARO 373	< 5.	1.2		-152.0 ± 5.0	8.0 (O-III), 15.5 (N-II)	AG82 442	B: 15.4, V: 16.1
PN G100.6-05.4	22 23 56	+50 58 01	IC 5217	100-05.1	22219+5042	FLEMING 1904	ARO 85, VV 274, VV' 561	6.6	2.0	1.5	-98.6 ± 0.4	17.5 (O-III), 28. (N-II)	AG82 439, CSI +50-22218 0, EM* CDS 1337, HD 212534	B: 15.4, V: 15.5	WNb?
PN G102.8-05.0	22 34 46	+52 26 04	A 80	102-05.1		ABELL 1955	A55 66, ARO 375, VV' 565	135.				18. (O-III), 23. (N-II)	AG82 444	U: 18.40, B: 19.38, V: 19.61
PN G102.9-02.3	22 26 17	+54 49 41	A 79	102-02.1		ABELL 1955	A55 65, ARO 372, VV' 562	54.				12.5 (O-III), 12.5 (N-II)	AG82 440	B: 18.7
PN G104.4-01.6	22 32 18	+56 10 23	M 2-53	104-01.1	22303+5554	MINKOWSKI 1947	ARO 374, VV 276, VV' 564	14.8	20.		-62.0 ± 25.0	11.0 (O-III)	AG82 443	B: 21.2	WNa?
PN G104.8-06.7	22 51 38	+51 50 57	M 2-54	104-06.1	22495+5134	MINKOWSKI 1947	ARO 377, EM* CDS 1406, VV 279, VV' 569	4. :				9.0 (O-III)	AG82 447, CSI +51-22495 0, LS III +51 42	B: 12.17, V: 12.08	B
PN G107.4-02.6	22 55 07	+56 42 31	K 3-87		22529+5626	KOHOUTEK 1972		3.5	6.
PN G107.7-02.2	22 56 20	+57 09 22	M 1-80	107-02.1	22542+5653	MINKOWSKI 1946	Anon. 22h54m, ARO 113, VV 281, VV' 571	8.	8.		-58.0 ± 9.7	16.0 (O-III), 34.0 (N-II)	AG82 448		Contin.

7	«Der grosse Kosmos-Himmelsführer» von Ian Ridpath und Wil Tirion; Kosmos Verlag; ISBN 3-440-05787-9
9	«Drehbare Sternkarte SIRIUS» von H. Suter-Haug; Hallwag-Verlag, Bern
15	«Hartung's Astronomical Objects for Southern Telescopes» by David Malin and David J. Frew; Melbourne University Press 1995; ISBN 0-522-84553-3
19	«Prodromus Astronomiae» Johannes Hevelius, 1690; DOI:10.3931/e-rara-456
141	Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae; A. Acker, F. Ochsenbein, B. Stenholm, R. Tylenda, J. Marcout, C. Schohn; European Southern Observatory; ISBN 3-923524-41-2 (1992); Bibcode:1992secg.book.....A; cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/V/84
150	IAU: The Constellations, 11. Oktober 2020; iau.org/public/themes/constellations
154	Yale Bright Star Catalog, 15. Oktober 2020; tdc-www.harvard.edu/catalogs/bsc5.html
277	«Historische Deep-Sky Kataloge» von Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke; klima-luft.de/steinicke (2021-02-17)